Recombinant Waveguide Power Divider
04 Oct 2013-IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques (IEEE)-Vol. 61, Iss: 11, pp 3884-3891
TL;DR: In this paper, a substrate integrated waveguide power divider is proposed on the basis of a recombinant topology that provides in-phase power division with an odd or even number of branches.
Abstract: In this paper, a substrate integrated waveguide power divider is proposed on the basis of a recombinant topology that provides in-phase power division with an odd or even number of branches. The aim is to generate different types of power distribution to control sidelobe level in the antenna array. In this study, several power-divider designs were designed to demonstrate and validate the design approach. Each design consists of a cascade of steps and nfurcations, which were initially designed based on sinusoidal basis functions. These designs were simulated using the High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) and shown to closely match the performance estimated using the basis functions. A substrate with thickness of 0.508 mm and dielectric constant of 2.94 is used. A three-way power divider with a binominal output taper is optimized and fabricated, showing good results in the bandwidth of interest from 72 to 81 GHz. Measurement results for a 3 × 8 slot array antenna designed in conjunction with the proposed feeding network are presented and discussed. This design can be used to build up rectangular waveguide structures. The novel structure is expected to be useful in building sub-arrays of antenna in the development of millimeter-wave automotive radar systems.
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TL;DR: In this article, a wideband design of power dividers, T-junctions, and transitions based on groove gap waveguide (GGW) technology is presented with the goal to use these components in high-gain millimeter-wave antenna array design at 60 GHz frequency range.
Abstract: Wideband design of power dividers, T-junctions, and transitions based on groove gap waveguide (GGW) technology is presented in this paper with the goal to use these components in high-gain millimeter-wave antenna array design at 60-GHz frequency range. Since this GGW technology does not require electrical contact between the different metal layers of a complex 3-D waveguide structure, the fabrication cost and mechanical complexity are decreased. The designed T-junctions and different power dividers exhibit wide operational bandwidth and low output power and phase imbalance over the 60-GHz frequency band. Also, two transitions from GGW to a standard rectangular waveguide have been designed. To validate the performance of the designed components, a 64-way power divider in combination with 256 radiating slots is designed, prototyped, and measured at 60-GHz band. Measurement results agree well with the simulated performance of the complete array antenna, and the antenna gain is more than 32.5 dBi. The total radiation efficiency is more than 80% over the operating frequency range from 57 to 67 GHz. Also, the measured sidelobe levels are found to be agreeing well with the simulated level.
95 citations
Cites background from "Recombinant Waveguide Power Divider..."
...tolerance is required to fabricate the components and overall cost limits their applications at millimeter wave [13]–[17]....
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TL;DR: A novel array antenna with a flat-shoulder shaped radiation pattern is proposed as the transmitting antenna for 77 GHz automotive radar application and a good agreement between the measured data and the synthesized as well as the simulation results are shown, thereby validating the design.
Abstract: A novel array antenna with a flat-shoulder shaped radiation pattern is proposed as the transmitting antenna for 77 GHz automotive radar application. When it is used in an automotive radar comprising one transmitter and multiple identical receivers, it can meet the demands of both long-range and medium-range detections without switching the operation mode back and forth between the long-range radar scenario and the medium-range radar scenario. The proposed antenna concept is fully introduced to explain its mechanism. An unconventional array was synthesized to achieve the desired flat-shoulder shaped radiation pattern. Prototype of the proposed array antenna was also designed according to the array synthesis result, which consists of several linear series-fed patch arrays and a substrate-integrated waveguide power and phase distributing network. Fabrication and measurement of the prototype array antenna were completed, showing a good agreement between the measured data and the synthesized as well as the simulation results, thereby validating the design.
79 citations
Cites background or methods from "Recombinant Waveguide Power Divider..."
...SIW components such as antennas [15], [27]–[32], filters [33], [34], diplexers [33], [35],...
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...Three-way power dividers were used in some RF systems, and some previous works have been focused on this topic [32], [40]–[44]....
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...In [32], recombinant topology was utilized to design in-phase power dividers...
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01 Jan 2015
73 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a six-port junction with polarization selective coupling (PSC) was proposed and demonstrated for enabling the dual-polarization feature in microwave components based on polarization-selective coupling.
Abstract: Enabling the dual-polarization feature in microwave components is proposed and demonstrated based on polarization-selective coupling (PSC). The PSC structure consists of two waveguides which are fused together in parallel. When one of the waveguides is excited by dually polarized wave, the vertical polarization remains in the excited waveguide while the horizontal polarization is fully coupled to the other one. The six-port junction is the fundamental module for developing interferometric transceivers. This junction is presented in this paper in a new form. In the new form, the six-port junction applies its functionality on two orthogonal polarizations simultaneously. This allows the implementation of a polarization-inclusive remote sensing application. The dually polarized six-port junction is invented by adding the dually polarized feature to each of its constituent components, namely, the power dividers, the hybrid 3-dB couplers, and the circularly bent phase shifters. These components are analytically studied and reinvented to be dually polarized using the aforementioned PSC. The dually polarized six-port junction is prototyped and measured. The simulated and measured results are found to be in a good agreement.
21 citations
Cites background from "Recombinant Waveguide Power Divider..."
...This power divider is based on the concept of a straight Y-junction with bifurcation such as the integrated structures introduced in [24]–[26]....
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10 Apr 2016
TL;DR: This paper deals with the design of low loss wideband power dividers based on groove gap waveguide (GGW) technology and shows that the gain and total radiation efficiency of the antenna are more than 32.5 dBi and 90% over the desired frequency range from 56 to 66.4 GHz.
Abstract: This paper deals with the design of low loss wideband power dividers based on groove gap waveguide (GGW) technology. The advantages of GGW power dividers are low insertion loss, high power handling capacities, ease of fabrication and compatibility with integrated microwave networks. A 64-way power divider is designed and used as the feeding network of a 16×16-element slot antenna array at 60-GHz band. The results show that the gain and total radiation efficiency of the antenna are more than 32.5 dBi and 90% over the desired frequency range from 56 to 66.4 GHz.
14 citations
Cites background from "Recombinant Waveguide Power Divider..."
...The advantage compared to microstrip and Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) technologies is that this gap waveguide technology can keep a planar profile as well as being low loss [4-6]....
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References
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Book•
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01 Jan 1951
2,353 citations
"Recombinant Waveguide Power Divider..." refers background in this paper
...Markowitz [15] has formulated a model by restricting its validity to a waveguide width of less than a wavelength in the substrate ....
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide background and an overview of the state of the art of millimeter-wave technology for automotive radar applications, including two actual silicon based fully integrated radar chips.
Abstract: The market for driver assistance systems based on millimeter-wave radar sensor technology is gaining momentum. In the near future, the full range of newly introduced car models will be equipped with radar based systems which leads to high volume production with low cost potential. This paper provides background and an overview of the state of the art of millimeter-wave technology for automotive radar applications, including two actual silicon based fully integrated radar chips. Several advanced packaging concepts and antenna systems are presented and discussed in detail. Finally measurement results of the fully integrated radar front ends are shown.
1,095 citations
"Recombinant Waveguide Power Divider..." refers background in this paper
...I. INTRODUCTION I N A radar front-end development, the antenna has alwaysbeen one of the critical components that determine the performance of the entire system [1]–[5]....
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TL;DR: By etching longitudinal slots on the top metallic surface of the substrate integrated waveguide (SIW), an integrated slot-array antenna is proposed in this article, which takes the advantage of small size, low profile, and low cost, etc.
Abstract: By etching longitudinal slots on the top metallic surface of the substrate integrated waveguide (SIW), an integrated slot-array antenna is proposed in this letter. The whole antenna and feeding system are fabricated on a single substrate, which takes the advantage of small size, low profile, and low cost, etc. The design process and experimental results of a four-by-four SIW slot array antenna at X-band are presented.
498 citations
04 May 2003
TL;DR: In this paper, two classes of substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) power divider are presented, namely, Y- and T-types, using arrays of via, the SIW power dividers and microstrip transitions are integrated on the same substrate.
Abstract: Two classes of substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) power divider are presented, namely, Y- and T-types. Using arrays of via, the SIW power dividers and microstrip transitions are integrated on the same substrate. Design models are presented respectively for the Y- and T-junctions. Experimental results over the Ka band are given for both structures. The Y-junction shows a bandwidth of 25.2% at -18.5 dB while the T-junction shows a bandwidth of 10.2% at -19.0 dB.
187 citations
"Recombinant Waveguide Power Divider..." refers background in this paper
...1-by-8 and 1-by-16 dividers were proposed in [7], based on unequal T-junction power splitters presented in [12]....
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24 May 2012
TL;DR: Millimeter-wave and terahertz antenna technologies are overviewed including the conventional and nonconventional planar/nonplanar antenna structures based on different platforms with respect to theoretical and experimental results in connection with electrical and mechanical performances.
Abstract: Significant advances in the development of millimeter-wave and terahertz (30-10 000 GHz) technologies have been made to cope with the increasing interest in this still not fully explored electromagnetic spectrum. The nature of electromagnetic waves over this frequency range is well suited for the development of high-resolution imaging applications, molecular-sensitive spectroscopic devices, and ultrabroadband wireless communications. In this paper, millimeter-wave and terahertz antenna technologies are overviewed including the conventional and nonconventional planar/nonplanar antenna structures based on different platforms. As a promising technological platform, substrate-integrated circuits (SICs) attract more and more attention. Various substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) schemes and other synthesized guide techniques have been widely employed in the design of antennas and arrays. Different types of substrate-integrated antennas and beamforming networks are discussed with respect to theoretical and experimental results in connection with electrical and mechanical performances.
160 citations
"Recombinant Waveguide Power Divider..." refers background in this paper
...Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/TMTT.2013.2283195 alternative, offering low manufacturing cost, high integration density, and more compact design [6]–[8]....
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