Records of usage or assays in Phyllanthus (Euphorbiaceae). I. Subgenera Isocladus, Kirganelia, Cicca and Emblica.
TL;DR: This paper covers the subgenera Isocladus, Kirganelia, Cicca and Emblica, and discusses the apparent clustering of some uses or effects within taxa.
About: This article is published in Journal of Ethnopharmacology.The article was published on 1990-10-01. It has received 60 citations till now.
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TL;DR: Together this data strongly supports the view that the plants belonging to the genus Phyllanthus have potential beneficial therapeutic actions in the management of hepatitis B, nefrolitiase, and in painful disorders.
Abstract: The plants of the genus Phyllanthus (Euphorbiaceae) are widely distributed in most tropical and subtropical countries, and have long been used in folk medicine to treat kidney and urinary bladder disturbances, intestinal infections, diabetes, and hepatitis B. In recent years, the interest in the plants has increased considerably. Substantial progress on their chemistal and pharmacological properties, as well as a few clinical studies of some Phyllanthus species have been made. This review discusses the current knowledge of their chemistry, the in vitro and in vivo pharmacological, biochemical, and clinical studies carried out on the extracts, and the main active constituents isolated from different species of plants of the genus Phyllanthus. These studies carried out with the extracts and purified compounds from these plants support most of their reported uses in folk medicine as an antiviral, in the treatment of genitourinary disorders, and as antinociceptive agents. However, well-controlled, double-binding clinical trials are lacking. Several compounds including alkaloids, flavonoids, lignans, phenols, and terpenes were isolated from these plants and some of them interact with most key enzymes. Together this data strongly supports the view that the plants belonging to the genus Phyllanthus have potential beneficial therapeutic actions in the management of hepatitis B, nefrolitiase, and in painful disorders.
495 citations
TL;DR: Bioassay-guided fractionation yielded two new guaiane sesquiterpenes, englerins A and B that showed 1000-fold selectivity against six of eight renal cancer cell lines with GI(50) values ranging from 1-87 nM.
197 citations
TL;DR: Although the herbaceous species of subgenus Phyllanthus have been extensively used to treat jaundice, and have generally inhibited hepadnavirus DNAp, effects on chronic infection with hepatitis B virus or related viruses have generally been negative.
161 citations
TL;DR: The oral administration of amla extracts to the diabetic rats slightly improved body weight gain and also significantly alleviated various oxidative stress indices of the serum of the diabetic Rats.
Abstract: The antioxidant properties of amla extracts and their effects on the oxidative stress in streptozotocin-induced diabetes were examined in rats. Amla in the form of either the commercial enzymatic extract SunAmla (Taiyo Kagaku Co. Ltd., Yokkaichi, Japan) (20 or 40 mg/kg of body weight/day) or a polyphenol-rich fraction of ethyl acetate extract (10 or 20 mg/kg of body weight/day) was given orally for 20 days to the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Amla extracts showed strong free radical scavenging activity. Amla also showed strong inhibition of the production of advanced glycosylated end products. The oral administration of amla extracts to the diabetic rats slightly improved body weight gain and also significantly alleviated various oxidative stress indices of the serum of the diabetic rats. The elevated serum levels of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, which is a glycosylated protein that is an indicator of oxidative stress, were significantly reduced dose-dependently in the diabetic rats fed amla. Similarly, the serum level of creatinine, yet another oxidative stress parameter, was also reduced. Furthermore, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances levels were significantly reduced with amla, indicating a reduction in lipid peroxidation. In addition, the decreased albumin levels in the diabetic rats were significantly improved with amla. Amla also significantly improved the serum adiponectin levels. These results form the scientific basis supporting the efficacy of amla for relieving the oxidative stress and improving glucose metabolism in diabetes.
98 citations
TL;DR: The mechanisms underlying the analgesic effects of the hydroalcoholic extracts of Phyllanthus urinaria and P. niruri against formalin-induced nociception in mice are examined and the action of both HEs against capsaicin-mediated pain is investigated.
Abstract: 1. 1. We examine some of the mechanisms underlying the analgesic effects of the hydroalcoholic extracts (HE) of Phyllanthus urinaria and P. niruri against formalin-induced nociception in mice. In addition, we also investigate the action of both HEs against capsaicin-mediated pain. 2. 2. Both prazosin and yohimbine (0.15 mg/kg, i.p.) induced a marked inhibition of the analgesic effect caused by phenylephrine (10 mg/kg, i.p.) and clonidine (0.1 mg/kg, i.p.), respectively, but had no effect on the antinociceptive action caused by HE of P. urinaria (10 mg/kg, i.p.) or P. niruri (30 mg/kg, i.p.). 3. 3. NG-nitro- l -arginine ( l -NOARG, 75 mg/kg, i.p.) caused marked analgesic effect against the second phase of formalin-induced pain. Treatment of animals with l -arginine (600 mg/kg) completely antagonized the antinociceptive effect of l -NOARG but had no significant effect against the HE of P. urinaria (10 mg/kg, i.p.) or P. niruri (30 mg/kg, i.p.) analgesic properties. 4. 4. The antinociceptive effects caused by the HEs of P. urinaria (10 mg/kg, i.p.) and P. niruri (30 mg/kg, i.p.) were unaffected by methysergide (5 mg/kg, i.p.), p-chloro-phenylalanine-methyl-ester (100 mg/kg, i.p., once a day for 4 consecutive days) or after previous adrenalectomy of animals. 5. 5. The HE of P. urinaria and P. niruri given either intraperitoneally (1–30 mg/kg) or orally (25–200 mg/kg) caused marked and dose-related inhibition of capsaicin-induced pain with ID50 of 2.1 and 6.1 mg/kg given intraperitoneally and 39 and 35 mg/kg given orally, respectively.
97 citations
References
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TL;DR: This update article presents a list of plant-derived drugs, with the names of the plant sources, and their actions or uses in therapy.
Abstract: One of the prerequisites for the success of primary health care is the availability and use of suitable drugs. Plants have always been a common source of medicaments, either in the form of traditional preparations or as pure active principles. It is thus reasonable for decision-makers to identify locally available plants or plant extracts that could usefully be added to the national list of drugs, or that could even replace some pharmaceutical preparations that need to be purchased and imported. This update article presents a list of plant-derived drugs, with the names of the plant sources, and their actions or uses in therapy.
1,270 citations
Journal Article•
1,159 citations
Book•
28 Feb 1980
TL;DR: In "Medicinal Plants of East and Southeast Asia, " the medicinal properties of "Acanthus ilicifolius" are described along with those of hundreds of other plants.
Abstract: In Indonesia, the roots of "Acanthus ilicifolius" are chewed and laid on wounds caused by poisoned arrows; in Burma, the shoots are used to treat snakebite and the leaves to ease the pains of rheumatism; in China, the roots are a remedy for chronic fever; and in the Philippines, a decoction is considered effective against asthma. One plant used by different peoples in different ways, but all seemingly effective.In "Medicinal Plants of East and Southeast Asia, " the medicinal properties of "Acanthus ilicifolius" are described along with those of hundreds of other plants. Students of pharmacology, economic botany, anthropology and many other fields will find this a useful reference volume. Libraries of colleges and universities, arboreta and herbaria will find this to be a source of references linking botany, chemistry, medicine, and folklore. The book is a browser's delight for the lay reader with an interest in how different people use plant materials. The entries are listed in alphabetical order, encyclopedia-fashion for easy reference, and are written in simple language suitable for the general reader and scholar alike. Each entry gives the scientific name of the plant, its distribution, and a description of its uses in different locales supported by an extensive bibliography and references to sources in herbaria. The area covered includes Papua New Guinea and Indonesia, north to the Philippines, China and Korea.Five indexes are supplied including: plants listed according to the attributed therapeutic properties; various disorders; and scientific names. There are forty-eight pages of references.
1,075 citations