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Journal ArticleDOI

Redesigning the Healthcare Model to Address Obesity Problem Using Incentives Delivered through a Combination of Processes and Mobile Technologies

TL;DR: An innovative multi-dimensional cross-disciplinary ICT framework should be developed, which uses sophisticated game mechanics to motivate behavior changes towards healthier lifestyles and supports three main functions: individual & environmental monitoring, including wearable sensors, mobile phones and multimedia diaries.
Abstract: Obesity and other lifestyle-related illnesses are among the top global healthcare challenges today. Obesity in young population is an alarming predictor for obesity in adulthood, but also entails different short term health complications. Knowing how to stay healthy is not enough to motivate young individuals to adopt healthy lifestyles. However, relevant progress can be achieved with use of incentives delivered through combination of processes and mobile technologies. Recognizing effectiveness of new healthcare model to prevent obesity in young population, an innovative multi-dimensional cross-disciplinary ICT framework should be developed, which uses sophisticated game mechanics to motivate behavior changes towards healthier lifestyles and supports three main functions: individual & environmental monitoring, including wearable sensors, mobile phones and multimedia diaries; feedback to users, presenting personalized healthy options for alternative lifestyles; and social connectivity, encouraging involvement in sharing experiences through social networks and social engagement. System development should be based on user-centered design, social and networking games and online education and supported by a wide stakeholder's ecosystem, including health authorities and research institutions, industries and academia from the ICT and healthcare sectors, as well as food companies and SMEs.
Citations
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Journal Article
TL;DR: Because interventions using goal setting appear to promote dietary change, dietitians should consider incorporating the goal-setting strategies to enhance the behavior change process in nutrition education programs.
Abstract: Recent reviews have noted that behavioral theory-based nutrition education programs are more successful at achieving food behavior change than knowledge-based programs and that a clear understanding of the mechanisms of behavior change procedures enable dietetics professionals to more effectively promote change. Successful dietary behavior change programs target 1 or more of the personal, behavioral, or environmental factors that influence the behavior of interest and apply theory-based strategies to influence or change those factors. Goal setting is a strategy that is frequently used to help people change. A 4-step goal-setting process has been identified: recognizing a need for change; establishing a goal; adopting a goal-directed activity and self-monitoring it; and self-rewarding goal attainment. The applications of goal setting in dietary interventions for adults and children are reviewed here. Because interventions using goal setting appear to promote dietary change, dietitians should consider incorporating the goal-setting strategies to enhance the behavior change process in nutrition education programs.

210 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An efficient machine-to-machine M2M communication model based on 4G cellular systems and a simplified protocol stack is considered here, while key components are introduced to provide secure communications between M1M and the network and also amongst M2m terminals.
Abstract: This paper introduces an efficient machine-to-machine M2M communication model based on 4G cellular systems. M2M terminals are capable of establishing Ad Hoc clusters wherever they are close enough. It is also possible to extend the cellular coverage for M2M terminals through multi-hop Ad Hoc connections. The M2M terminal structure is proposed accordingly to meet the mass production and security requirements. The security becomes more critical in Ad Hoc mode as new nodes attach to the cluster. A simplified protocol stack is considered here, while key components are introduced to provide secure communications between M2M and the network and also amongst M2M terminals.

12 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Results show that pattern of adherence has significant impact on the effective medication adherence, and higher levels of effective adherence can be achieved for more flexible medication regimen, such as those with higher values of maximum inter-dose time.
Abstract: Medication adherence has been studied extensively in the healthcare literature. Most of the studies focus on improving medication adherence using interventions, including those based on wireless and mobile technologies, and measure average medication adherence level. This is useful in differentiating between patients with high and low levels of adherence. In practice, the same average medication adherence could be achieved by patients with widely different adherence patterns. In this paper, the authors propose that in addition to average medication adherence level, the patterns of adherence should also be studied. The patterns of adherence can be obtained using wireless medication systems and set of actions/decisions can be communicated to these systems or mobile applications for medication management. The authors present a framework, some metrics including Effective Medication Adherence, and results related to the patterns of adherence. Their results show that pattern of adherence has significant impact on the effective medication adherence. Also, higher levels of effective adherence can be achieved for more flexible medication regimen, such as those with higher values of maximum inter-dose time. It is also possible for a patient with lower average adherence but a desirable pattern of adherence to have higher effective medication adherence than a patient with higher average adherence with less desirable pattern.

9 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An effective new healthcare model to prevent obesity in the youth population is proposed, incorporating the development of an innovative multi-dimensional cross-disciplinary ICT framework.
Abstract: Obesity and other lifestyle-related illnesses are among the top global healthcare challenges today. The obesity in youth is an alarming predictor for obesity in adulthood as well as the possibility of other short-term health complications. Knowledge about staying healthy is not enough to motivate young individuals to adopt healthy lifestyles. However, relevant progress can be achieved through the integration of processes and mobile technologies. An effective new healthcare model to prevent obesity in the youth population is proposed, incorporating the development of an innovative multi-dimensional cross-disciplinary ICT framework. Sophisticated game mechanics would be used to motivate behavior changes towards healthier lifestyles. Three main functions would be supported: individual and environmental monitoring, including wearable sensors, mobile phones and multimedia diaries; feedback to users, presenting personalized healthy options for alternative lifestyles; and social connectivity, encouraging involvement in sharing experiences through social networks and social engagement. System development would be based on user-centered design, social and networking games as well as online education. Support would be provided by a wide ecosystem of stakeholders including health authorities and research institutions, industries and academia from the ICT and healthcare sectors, as well as food companies and SMEs.

5 citations

Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 2019
TL;DR: This chapter explains eHealth; discusses experiences, health management strategies, and healthcare models to address overweight and obesity in young population; and focuses on mathematical background of individual health status monitoring system to empower young people to manage their health.
Abstract: This chapter explains eHealth; discusses experiences, health management strategies, and healthcare models to address overweight and obesity in young population; and focuses on mathematical background of individual health status monitoring system to empower young people to manage their health. The proposed system uses symptoms observed with mobile sensing devices to define individual physical and psychological status. It has flexible logical inference system providing positive psychological influence on young people since full acceptance of recommendations towards healthy lifestyles is reached and correct interpretation is guaranteed. Models and algorithms are developed based on the composition inference rule in fuzzy logic that makes health status identification process faster and obtained results more precise and efficient comparing to traditional identification algorithms.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: If results with stage-matched interventions continue to be replicated, health promotion programs will be able to produce unprecedented impacts on entire at-risk populations.
Abstract: The transtheoretical model posits that health behavior change involves progress through six stages of change: precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance, and termination. Ten processes of change have been identified for producing progress along with decisional balance, self-efficacy, and temptations. Basic research has generated a rule of thumb for at-risk populations: 40% in precontemplation, 40% in contemplation, and 20% in preparation. Across 12 health behaviors, consistent patterns have been found between the pros and cons of changing and the stages of change. Applied research has demonstrated dramatic improvements in recruitment, retention, and progress using stage-matched interventions and proactive recruitment procedures. The most promising outcomes to date have been found with computer-based individualized and interactive interventions. The most promising enhancement to the computer-based programs are personalized counselors. One of the most striking results to date for stag...

6,389 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
Tore Dybå1, Torgeir Dingsøyr1
TL;DR: A systematic review of empirical studies of agile software development up to and including 2005 was conducted and provides a map of findings, according to topic, that can be compared for relevance to their own settings and situations.
Abstract: Agile software development represents a major departure from traditional, plan-based approaches to software engineering. A systematic review of empirical studies of agile software development up to and including 2005 was conducted. The search strategy identified 1996 studies, of which 36 were identified as empirical studies. The studies were grouped into four themes: introduction and adoption, human and social factors, perceptions on agile methods, and comparative studies. The review investigates what is currently known about the benefits and limitations of, and the strength of evidence for, agile methods. Implications for research and practice are presented. The main implication for research is a need for more and better empirical studies of agile software development within a common research agenda. For the industrial readership, the review provides a map of findings, according to topic, that can be compared for relevance to their own settings and situations.

2,399 citations

Proceedings ArticleDOI
B. J. Fogg1
26 Apr 2009
TL;DR: A new model for understanding human behavior is presented, which asserts that for a person to perform a target behavior, he or she must be sufficiently motivated, have the ability to perform the behavior, and be triggered to performed the behavior.
Abstract: This paper presents a new model for understanding human behavior. In this model (FBM), behavior is a product of three factors: motivation, ability, and triggers, each of which has subcomponents. The FBM asserts that for a person to perform a target behavior, he or she must (1) be sufficiently motivated, (2) have the ability to perform the behavior, and (3) be triggered to perform the behavior. These three factors must occur at the same moment, else the behavior will not happen. The FBM is useful in analysis and design of persuasive technologies. The FBM also helps teams work together efficiently because this model gives people a shared way of thinking about behavior change.

1,794 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This report is intended to provide a comprehensive approach to assessment and to present the evidence available to support key aspects of assessment, based on >300 studies published since 1995, which examined an array of assessment tools.
Abstract: Accurate appropriate assessment of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents is a critical aspect of contemporary medical care. However, physicians and other health care professionals may find this a somewhat thorny field to enter. The BMI has become the standard as a reliable indicator of overweight and obesity. The BMI is incomplete, however, without consideration of the complex behavioral factors that influence obesity.Because of limited time and resources, clinicians need to have quick, evidence-based interventions that can help patients and their families recognize the importance of reducing overweight and obesity and take action. In an era of fast food, computers, and DVDs, it is not easy to persuade patients to modify their diets and to become more physically active. Because research concerning effective assessment of childhood obesity contains many gaps, this report is intended to provide a comprehensive approach to assessment and to present the evidence available to support key aspects of assessment. The discussion and recommendations are based on 300 studies published since 1995, which examined an array of assessment tools. With this information, clinicians should find themselves better equipped to face the challenges of assessing childhood overweight and obesity accurately.

973 citations


"Redesigning the Healthcare Model to..." refers background in this paper

  • ...…key predictor for obesity in adulthood, but also entails a number of short term health complications such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, fatty liver disease, sleep disturbances along with greater risk of social and psychological problems (Krebs et al., 2007; McGuire, 2012)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Research is needed on the optimal use of game-based stories, fantasy, interactivity, and behavior change technology in promoting health-related behavior change.

950 citations