Reducing Social and Environmental Impacts of Urban Freight Transport: A Review of Some Major Cities

doi:10.1016/J.SBSPRO.2012.03.088

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Reducing Social and Environmental Impacts of Urban Freight Transport: A Review of Some Major Cities

Journal Article•DOI•

Reducing Social and Environmental Impacts of Urban Freight Transport: A Review of Some Major Cities

Michael Browne¹, Julian Allen¹, Toshinori Nemoto², Danièle Patier, Johan Visser³ - Show less +1 more•Institutions (3)

University of Westminster¹, Hitotsubashi University², Ontario Ministry of Transportation³

01 Jan 2012-Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences (Elsevier)-Vol. 39, pp 19-33

TL;DR: In this article, the options available to policy makers in their efforts to reduce the negative impacts of urban freight transport are reviewed, and a summary of the categories of negative impacts that can be targeted together with the specific policy initiatives available is provided.

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About: This article is published in Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences.The article was published on 2012-01-01 and is currently open access. It has received 206 citations till now.

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Journal Article•DOI•

50th Anniversary Invited Article—City Logistics: Challenges and Opportunities

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Mwp Martin Savelsbergh¹, Tom Van Woensel²•Institutions (2)

Georgia Institute of Technology¹, Eindhoven University of Technology²

16 Mar 2016-Transportation Science

TL;DR: A variety of current and anticipated challenges and opportunities of city logistics are reviewed and discussed, in the hope this helps shaping an appropriate research agenda and stimulates more researchers to enter this exciting field.

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Abstract: Today, around 54% of the world’s population lives in urban areas. By 2050, this share is expected to go up significantly. As a result, city logistics, which focuses on the efficient and effective transportation of goods in urban areas while taking into account the negative effects on congestion, safety, and environment, is critical to ensuring continued quality of life in cities. We review and discuss a variety of current and anticipated challenges and opportunities of city logistics. We hope this helps shaping an appropriate research agenda and stimulates more researchers to enter this exciting field.

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448 citations

Cites background from "Reducing Social and Environmental I..."

...Despite the negative impact of urban freight transport, it is needed to support urban lifestyles, retain industrial and trading activities, and contribute to the competitiveness of the industry in the area (Macharis and Melo 2011; Browne et al. 2012)....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Understanding the Impact of E-commerce on Last-Mile Light Goods Vehicle Activity in Urban Areas: The Case of London

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Julian Allen¹, Maja Piecyk¹, Marzena Piotrowska¹, Fraser McLeod², Tom Cherrett², Karen Ghali², Thu Ba T. Nguyen², Tolga Bektaş², Oliver Bates³, Adrian Friday³, Sarah Wise⁴, Martin Zaltz Austwick⁴ - Show less +8 more•Institutions (4)

University of Westminster¹, University of Southampton², Lancaster University³, University College London⁴

29 Jul 2017-Transportation Research Part D-transport and Environment

TL;DR: In this article, a case study investigating current parcel delivery operations in central London identified the scale of the challenge facing the last-mile parcel delivery driver, highlighting the importance of walking which can account for 62% of the total vehicle round time and 40% of total round distance in the operations studied.

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Abstract: Growth in e-commerce has led to increasing use of light goods vehicles for parcel deliveries in urban areas. This paper provides an insight into the reasons behind this growth and the resulting effort required to meet the exacting delivery services offered by e-retailers which often lead to poor vehicle utilisation in the last-mile operation, as well as the duplication of delivery services in urban centres as competitors vie for business. A case study investigating current parcel delivery operations in central London identified the scale of the challenge facing the last-mile parcel delivery driver, highlighting the importance of walking which can account for 62% of the total vehicle round time and 40% of the total round distance in the operations studied. The characteristics of these operations are in direct conflict with the urban infrastructure which is being increasingly redesigned in favour of walking, cycling and public transport, reducing the kerbside accessibility for last-mile operations. The paper highlights other pressures on last-mile operators associated with managing seasonal peaks in demand; reduced lead times between customers placing orders and deliveries being made; meeting delivery time windows; first-time delivery failure rates and the need to manage high levels of product returns. It concludes by describing a range of initiatives that retailers and parcel carriers, sometimes in conjunction with city authorities, can implement to reduce the costs associated with last-mile delivery, without negatively impacting on customer service levels.

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217 citations

Cites background from "Reducing Social and Environmental I..."

...In Bordeaux, the ELP implementation is a collaboration between freight transport companies, the Chamber of Commerce of Bordeaux and the Bordeaux metropolitan authority which have set up and co-finance the ELP system (Browne et al., 2012; Huschebeck, 2012; SUGAR, 2011)....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Collaborative Urban Transportation:Recent Advances in Theory and Practice

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Catherine Cleophas¹, Caitlin Cottrill², Jan Fabian Ehmke³, Kevin Tierney⁴•Institutions (4)

Lancaster University¹, University of Aberdeen², Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg³, Bielefeld University⁴

16 Mar 2019-European Journal of Operational Research

TL;DR: This work presents a meta-analyses of the determinants of infectious disease in eight operation rooms of the immune system and three of them are connected to each other through the immune response to infectious disease.

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201 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

A classification of city logistics measures and connected impacts

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Francesco Russo¹, Antonio Comi²•Institutions (2)

Mediterranea University of Reggio Calabria¹, University of Rome Tor Vergata²

01 Jan 2010-Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences

TL;DR: In this paper, a general classification of measures adopted at an urban scale and an empirical analysis of obtainable results is proposed, starting from an analysis of existing studies relative to freight policies implemented at urban scale.

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175 citations

Cites methods from "Reducing Social and Environmental I..."

...The policy impacts are the connections between white and black circles are depicted in Figure 1. An example is given by Rome where freight vehicle access and parking is subject to time windows in the inner area termed “LTZ freight” (Limited Traffic Zone). Heavy vehicles (more than 3.5 tonnes) are granted access and parking in the 8:00 pm to 7:00 am window. Light vehicles (less than 3.5 tonnes) are granted access and parking in the 8:00 pm to 10:00 am and 2:00 pm to 4:00 pm windows. Another possibility is given by night-time delivery in order to reduce traffic congestion during the day. However, this measure shows some limits (for example, night-time noise levels may increase); it has to be coordinated with land-use policies and, in particular, with the need to extend the time window within which commercial activities can perform their operations. An interesting example of nighttime delivery is the city of Barcelona where under the CIVITAS project, the supermarkets MIRACLES receive deliveries during the night (between 10:00 pm and midnight) with the use of appropriate vehicles in order to reduce noise emissions. Night-time delivery was a trial measure implemented in the city of Dublin as well which then gave rise to a follow-up programme. Great interest in time windows is shown by French cities, which can be divided into two classes: while some cities consider it a very good strategy to decrease the number of trucks in the city during the day, others argue that truck and delivery noise impacts are too high and night-time deliveries should be banned. Delivery time windows very much depend on the opening times of shops while local habits and cultural differences lead to an acceptance or disapproval of night-time deliveries. Regulations based on time windows is addressed in Quak and de Koster (2006) who review the state of practice in Dutch cities and provide an assessment of possible changes to current policy....
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...(2007) who proposed a model for urban freight movement incorporating the behaviour of freight actors and their interactions in supply chains. Application to the Tokyo metropolitan area is also described. Analysis of stakeholder behaviour related to some measures has been proposed by Taniguchi and Tamagawa (2005), who developed a method for evaluating city logistics measures considering the behaviour of several urban freight transport stakeholders....
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...(2007) who proposed a model for urban freight movement incorporating the behaviour of freight actors and their interactions in supply chains. Application to the Tokyo metropolitan area is also described. Analysis of stakeholder behaviour related to some measures has been proposed by Taniguchi and Tamagawa (2005), who developed a method for evaluating city logistics measures considering the behaviour of several urban freight transport stakeholders. In all, five stakeholders were considered: administrators, residents, shippers, freight carriers and urban expressway operators. Analysis and selection of implementable measures has to consider such interests and find an optimal compromise between the interests of all the actors involved. This is a critical factor in the success of each city logistics measure, as confirmed in the UK. Indeed, UK Freight Quality Partnerships (FQPs) can be considered a key factor for studying and implementing successful city logistics initiatives (DfT, 2003). A FQP group might aim to identify problems and schemes and examine sustainable best practices, and help implement them. As Binsbergen and Visser (2001) have underlined, the objective of these methods is to create a, “supporting environment” for defining and implementing city logistics measures....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Last-mile delivery concepts: a survey from an operational research perspective

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Nils Boysen¹, Stefan Fedtke¹, Stefan Schwerdfeger¹•Institutions (1)

University of Jena¹

01 Mar 2021-OR Spectrum

TL;DR: This paper surveys established and novel last-mile concepts and puts special emphasis on the decision problems to be solved when setting up and operating each concept, and systematically record the alternative delivery concepts in a compact notation scheme.

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Abstract: In the wake of e-commerce and its successful diffusion in most commercial activities, last-mile distribution causes more and more trouble in urban areas all around the globe. Growing parcel volumes to be delivered toward customer homes increase the number of delivery vans entering the city centers and thus add to congestion, pollution, and negative health impact. Therefore, it is anything but surprising that in recent years many novel delivery concepts on the last mile have been innovated. Among the most prominent are unmanned aerial vehicles (drones) and autonomous delivery robots taking over parcel delivery. This paper surveys established and novel last-mile concepts and puts special emphasis on the decision problems to be solved when setting up and operating each concept. To do so, we systematically record the alternative delivery concepts in a compact notation scheme, discuss the most important decision problems, and survey existing research on operations research methods solving these problems. Furthermore, we elaborate promising future research avenues.

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169 citations

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References

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Journal Article•DOI•

Before-after assessment of a logistics trial with clean urban freight vehicles: a case study in London

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Jacques Leonardi¹, Michael Browne¹, Julian Allen¹•Institutions (1)

University of Westminster¹

01 Jan 2012-Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences

TL;DR: In this paper, a trial is presented in which a major stationery and office supplies company making deliveries to customers in central London replaced their diesel vans with electrically assisted tricycles and electric vans operating from a urban micro-consolidation centre located in the delivery area.

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80 citations

"Reducing Social and Environmental I..." refers background in this paper

...This was due to the reduction in the total distance travelled per parcel and the use of electric vehicles whose batteries are charged with electricity from carbon-free sources [20]....
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Book Chapter•DOI•

What do I need to know

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Robert D. Herbert¹•Institutions (1)

University of Sydney¹

01 Jan 2005

33 citations

Freight Transport, a Key Element of the Urban Economy Guidelines for Practitioners

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Laetitia Dablanc

01 Jan 2010

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present data on freight transport and its impact on local communities, based on which the author will make recommendations for cities seeking a more efficient and environmentally friendly freight system.

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Abstract: This article aims to provide guidelines to urban freight transport practitioners in cities around the world, including those in developing countries. This paper will present data on freight transport and its impact on local communities, based on which the author will make recommendations for cities seeking a more efficient and environmentally friendly freight system. The principle underlying all these recommendations is that freight transport must serve the local economy. (1) Assessing the needs of the economy. Cities have to assess the needs and challenges of their economy by conducting surveys and setting up a Freight Forum to negotiate with private stakeholders. These can be low cost actions with great benefits to businesses. (2) Serving urban growth and providing value added logistics services. Serving urban growth by enhancing the quality and added value of goods distribution is an important objective for policy-makers. Key priorities include the promotion of local initiatives and the provision of modern logistics facilities and training programs. (3) Making cities safer and more liveable. Land use and planning policies have to integrate logistics activities. Cleaner and quieter modes of transport must be (re) introduced on city streets. Environmental standards for truck access contribute to reducing pollutant emissions. (4) Facilitating deliveries and providing better labor conditions for delivery personnel. Governments can take decisive action to improve working conditions and skills in the urban freight sector, which is often the least considered in the trucking industry. Fair competition must be guaranteed through increased enforcement of transport regulations. Well-designed on-street and off-street delivery areas must be provided to make urban deliveries easier and faster. This article is based on work done for the World Bank as part of the “Freight transport for development" initiative, which examines how freight transport operations contribute to development. This paper's analyses are based on a rather comprehensive review of the current literature on urban freight along with some surveys and reports provided by local governments.

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14 citations

Urban freight transport policies and planning in Europe: an overview and classification of policy measures

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J. G. S. N. Visser

01 Jan 2003

TL;DR: In this article, a general overview of public policies and planning in the field of urban freight transport, based on my involvement in different European Commission projects, in the making of the OECD-report and as member of the Institute for City Logistics, is presented.

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Abstract: Although delivery of goods is vitally important for residents and industries in urban areas, the presence and operations of goods transport vehicles in urban areas are often regarded more as a nuisance than an essential service. Local communities, on the one hand, have to facilitate the essential flows of goods in urban areas and on the other hand have to reduce the adverse impacts of urban goods on their communities being served. In Europe, with its historic city centres and dense living areas, the nuisance of freight traffic has been addressed to as problem for a long time now on a local level but also on the national and even the European level (EU-action 321 Urban Goods Transport). In 2003, the OECD published a report on urban freight transport with the title Delivering the Goods, 21 st Century Challenges to Urban Goods Transport (OECD, 2003). In a period of more than 15 years, in European cities measures have been taken to reduce traffic by introducing vehicles restrictions or by promoting consolidation of goods flows. Also introduction of cleaner, smaller and more flexible freight vehicles are proposed. This paper presents a general overview of different public policies and planning in the field of urban freight transport, based on my involvement in different European Commission projects, in the making of the OECD-report and as member of the Institute for City Logistics. Different public measures and instruments are discussed and categorised, such as licensing and regulation, private and public initiatives to bundle good flows and different types of freight centres.

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12 citations

"Reducing Social and Environmental I..." refers background in this paper

...Various initiatives have been implemented in different cities across the world [3]....
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...[3] Visser J....
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Journal Article•

Alternative methods for the management of night-time freight noise in London

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M J Ainge, P G Abbott, C Treleven, P A Morgan, P M Nelson, G R Watts, R E Stait - Show less +3 more

01 Jan 2007-TRL Published Project Report

TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a review of the noise impacts from the London Lorry Control Scheme (LLCS) which limits the use of large goods vehicles over 18 tonnes within London and is administered by London Councils.

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Abstract: TRL Limited was commissioned by Transport for London (TfL) to undertake a review of the noise impacts from the London Lorry Control Scheme (LLCS) which limits the use of large goods vehicles over 18 tonnes within London and is administered by London Councils. The report addresses all three Phases of the Project, as follows: Phase 1: An initial review of possible options for amendments to the LLCS, including possible revisions to the Exempt Road Network(ERN), more rigorous enforcement of the LLCS and changes to individual vehicles. The results from this Phase identified the best option as being to focus on the identification and controlling the operation of ‘quiet’ goods vehicles. Phase 2: Development of an in-service, standardised noise test that if applied would identify quiet large goods vehicles. Phase 3: Consideration of the requirements for an upgraded electronic noise map of London based on sleep disturbance and a noise sensitive traffic routing tool. The final recommendations from the study were for the introduction of a voluntary ‘London in-service noise test’ for vehicles above 18 tonnes operating in London and currently already registered under the LLCS. The test would include noise measurements when stationary and pulling away from rest. Vehicles passing the test would be awarded a ‘Reduced Noise Certificate’ which would potentially allow a wider scope of operations than permitted under the current LLCS. (A)

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3 citations

"Reducing Social and Environmental I..." refers background in this paper

...The freight transport initiatives that have been implemented at a London-level are: Freight Operator Recognition Scheme (FORS) Delivery and Servicing Plans (DSPs) and Construction Logistics Plans (CLPs) London Construction Consolidation Centre (LCCC) City of London Urban Consolidation Centre (UCC) London Lorry Control Scheme [5] London Low Emission Zone (LEZ) [6] [7] London Congestion Charging Scheme [8] Quiet Deliveries Demonstration Scheme (QDDS) [9] Initiatives to reduce accidents between lorries and cyclists [10] [11] The first four of these initiatives are summarised below....
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...The freight transport initiatives that have been implemented at a London-level are:  Freight Operator Recognition Scheme (FORS)  Delivery and Servicing Plans (DSPs) and Construction Logistics Plans (CLPs)  London Construction Consolidation Centre (LCCC)  City of London Urban Consolidation Centre (UCC)  London Lorry Control Scheme [5]  London Low Emission Zone (LEZ) [6] [7]  London Congestion Charging Scheme [8]  Quiet Deliveries Demonstration Scheme (QDDS) [9]  Initiatives to reduce accidents between lorries and cyclists [10] [11]...
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