Reduction in soluble protein and chlorophyll contents in a few plants as indicators of automobile exhaust pollution
01 Mar 1983-International Journal of Environmental Studies (Taylor & Francis Group)-Vol. 20, Iss: 314, pp 239-243
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of automobile emission on a few wild dicotyledonous plants growing along roads with much traffic was investigated. And the results showed that the distance of the plants from the road and diminution in soluble protein and chlorophyll contents may serve as indicators of pollution level.
Abstract: Exhaust gases from automobiles contribute significantly to atmospheric pollution. This paper provides information on the effect of automobile emission on a few wild dicotyledonous plants growing along roads with much traffic. There is a close connection between the distance of the plants from the road and diminution in soluble protein and chlorophyll a contents, and these two physiological traits may serve as indicators of pollution level.
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TL;DR: Roads are a widespread and increasing feature of most landscapes. as mentioned in this paper reviewed the scientific liter- ature on the ecological effects of roads and found support for the general conclusion that they are associated with negative effects on biotic integrity in both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.
Abstract: Roads are a widespread and increasing feature of most landscapes. We reviewed the scientific liter- ature on the ecological effects of roads and found support for the general conclusion that they are associated with negative effects on biotic integrity in both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Roads of all kinds have seven general effects: mortality from road construction, mortality from collision with vehicles, modification of animal behavior, alteration of the physical environment, alteration of the chemical environment, spread of exotics, and increased use of areas by humans. Road construction kills sessile and slow-moving organisms, injures organisms adjacent to a road, and alters physical conditions beneath a road. Vehicle collisions affect the demography of many species, both vertebrates and invertebrates; mitigation measures to reduce roadkill have been only partly successful. Roads alter animal behavior by causing changes in home ranges, move- ment, reproductive success, escape response, and physiological state. Roads change soil density, temperature, soil water content, light levels, dust, surface waters, patterns of runoff, and sedimentation, as well as adding heavy metals (especially lead), salts, organic molecules, ozone, and nutrients to roadside environments. Roads promote the dispersal of exotic species by altering habitats, stressing native species, and providing movement corridors. Roads also promote increased hunting, fishing, passive harassment of animals, and landscape modifications. Not all species and ecosystems are equally affected by roads, but overall the pres- ence of roads is highly correlated with changes in species composition, population sizes, and hydrologic and geomorphic processes that shape aquatic and riparian systems. More experimental research is needed to com- plement post-hoc correlative studies. Our review underscores the importance to conservation of avoiding con- struction of new roads in roadless or sparsely roaded areas and of removal or restoration of existing roads to benefit both terrestrial and aquatic biota.
2,506 citations
Cites background from "Reduction in soluble protein and ch..."
...…by plants, such as terpenoids, which help them resist the toxic effects of pollution (Akimov et al. 1989) and salts (Bogemans et al. 1989), and decreased production of other chemicals, such as soluble protein and chlorophyll a , which are necessary for plant function (Banerjee et al. 1983)....
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...1989), and decreased production of other chemicals, such as soluble protein and chlorophyll a , which are necessary for plant function (Banerjee et al. 1983)....
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TL;DR: In this paper, X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analyses of 115 parked car tires showed Zn and Ca were likely associated with tire wear dust, and the results indicated that roadway dust may be important sources of metals for runoff water and localized resuspended particulate matter.
402 citations
TL;DR: Wang et al. as discussed by the authors analyzed the characteristics and sources of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Sr, V and Co) in road dust samples from nine roads in Nanchang, China in September 2013.
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TL;DR: The strong correlation between the degree of contamination and concentrations of Pb and Cd in plant samples identifies C. procera as an effective heavy metal remediator of contaminated lands coupled with environmental stress.
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TL;DR: The feedback control system based on NO(x) concentrations proved an adequate and practical means for controlling the concentration of exhaust gases and studying plant responses in controlled environment chambers and soluble N, secondary metabolism and aphid performance were not sensitive to exhaust gas exposure during shoot elongation in Norway spruce.
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References
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Journal Article•
TL;DR: Procedures are described for measuring protein in solution or after precipitation with acids or other agents, and for the determination of as little as 0.2 gamma of protein.
289,852 citations
TL;DR: Evidence that a copper enzyme, polyphenoloxidase (otherwise known as tyrosinase or catecholase), is localized in the chloroplasts of spinach beet (chard), Beta vu?garis is presented.
Abstract: The chloroplast, as the seat of chlorophyll pigments in plants, occupies a unique position in the economy of the green cell. In recent years there has been a renewed interest in the reactions and properties of chloroplasts as a result of the work of Hill (11, 12) and Hill and Scarisbrick (13, 14) who demonstrated that the reaction characteristic of photosynthesis in green plants, the evolution of oxygen, occurs in appreciable quantities in isolated chloroplasts under the influence of light and in the presence of suitable oxidants (2, 7, 8, 26). In the course of an investigation of oxygen evolution by isolated chloroplasts it was deemed important to explore their enzymatic composition. Of special interest were considered enzymes capable of participating in oxidation-reduction reactions, and more particularly, those localized principally, if not entirely, in the chloroplasts. This paper presents evidence that a copper enzyme, polyphenoloxidase (otherwise known as tyrosinase or catecholase), is localized in the chloroplasts of spinach beet (chard), Beta vu?garis.
20,139 citations
Book•
01 Jan 2014
TL;DR: Soil chemical analysis, Soil Chemical Analysis (SCA), this paper, is a technique for soil chemical analysis that is used in the field of Soil Chemistry and Chemical Engineering.
Abstract: Soil chemical analysis , Soil chemical analysis , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
13,439 citations
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that high CONCENTRATIONS of one METAL in the soil do not NECESSARILY degrade with distance from the road with other METALS.
Abstract: MOTOR VEHICLES CONTAMINATE ROADSIDE SOILS AND VEGETATION WITH FOUR HEAVY METAL ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTANTS. THE CONTAMINATION HAS BEEN CORRELATED WITH COMPOSITION OF GASOLINE, MOTOR OIL, AND CAR TIRES. THESE CONCENTRATIONS DECREASE WITH DISTANCE FROM TRAFFIC AND WITH DEPTH IN SOIL PROFILE. IN SPITE OF THE DEPENDENCE OF ROADSIDE CADMIUM, NICKEL, LEAD, AND ZINC ON TRAFFIC, IT APPEARS THAT HIGH CONCENTRATIONS OF ONE METAL IN THE SOIL DO NOT NECESSARILY ENTAIL HIGH CONCENTRATIONS OF ANOTHER ONE OF THE METALS. /AUTHOR/
521 citations
TL;DR: No significant differences were found in the amino acid and protein metabolism of the 2 varieties of Bermuda grass, and it is suggested that during water stress free proline functions as a storage compound.
Abstract: The ability of Arizona Common and Coastal Bermuda grass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] to synthesize amino acids and proteins during water stress was investigated. Amino acids were continually synthesized during the water stress treatments, but protein synthesis was inhibited and protein levels decreased.Water stress induced a 10- to 100-fold accumulation of free proline in shoots and a 2- to 6-fold accumulation of free asparagine, both of which are characteristic responses of water-stressed plants. Valine levels increased, and glutamic acid and alanine levels decreased.(14)C labeling experiments showed that free proline turns over more slowly than any other free amino acid during water stress. This proline is readily synthesized and accumulated from glutamic acid. It is suggested that during water stress free proline functions as a storage compound.No significant differences were found in the amino acid and protein metabolism of the 2 varieties of Bermuda grass.
441 citations