Reduction of prefrontal cortex glucose metabolism common to three types of depression.
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...Such decreases are nonetheless comparable to those repeatedly described in resting-state studies of patients with clinical depression (26, 42)....
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...These pretreatment abnormalities have been linked to both severity of depression and impairments in psychomotor speed and cognition (26, 30, 42) and are consistent with the direction of cortical changes seen during acute sadness in experiment 1....
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...…treatment has been associated predominantly with increased metabolism and blood flow within dorsomedial and dorsolateral prefrontal cortices (Baxter et al 1989; Brody et al 1999; Buchsbaum et al 1997; Kennedy et al 2001; Mayberg et al 1999, 2000) and the dorsal anterior cingulate gyrus…...
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...In this critical review, we have examined the evidence from studies employing a variety of techniques for the presence of specific abnormalities in these systems in major psychiatric illnesses, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder....
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...…with healthy volunteers, executive task performance and at-rest studies have demonstrated reduced metabolism in dorsolateral and dorsomedial prefrontal cortical regions (Baxter et al 1989; Ketter et al 2001) but increased metabolism within the right amygdala and thalamus (Ketter et al 2001)....
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...…in patients during a major depressive episode reductions in metabolism and blood flow within dorsomedial and dorsolateral prefrontal cortices (Baxter et al 1989; Bench et al 1993; Buchsbaum et al 1997; Soares and Mann 1997) but increased metabolism and blood flow within the ventrolateral…...
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...In the few studies examining neural correlates of task performance in euthymic patients, findings indicate fewer functional neuroanatomic abnormalities compared with symptomatic patients during executive task performance (Baxter et al 1989; Blumberg et al 1999, 2000)....
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