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Proceedings ArticleDOI

Redundant placement of virtualized network functions for LTE evolved Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Services

TL;DR: A redundancy seriesparallel model is introduced to improve reliability of LTE eMBMS E2E services via redundancy, virtualized network functions (VNF), and autonomic service placement.
Abstract: Mobile Operators have experienced a growth of demand of new services with strict requirements and features which imposes challenges to operate the mobile wireless network. To tackle these challenges, Telcos must provide flexible, dynamic network architecture, furnishing resiliency to ensure end-to-end (E2E) service continuity in case of resource failures. Virtualization of the core network elements of cellular Long-Term Evolution (LTE) and LTE evolved Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service (eMBMS) technology has been proposed as a key solution to cope with these new demands. By employing point-to-multipoint services to any wireless device, the LTE eMBMS, allows Mobile Operators (MOs) to send a single stream of data to all mobile users in a specific area. The LTE eMBMS is a potential E2E service technology to leverage costumer experience as well as to optimize use of network resources. We propose to improve the reliability of LTE eMBMS E2E services via redundancy, virtualized network functions (VNF), and autonomic service placement. In this paper, we introduce a redundancy seriesparallel model to improve reliability of LTE eMBMS services. The model is formulated as a VNF redundancy allocation problem (RAP). We employed the particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique to solve the RAP problem to evaluate the performance of the proposed model.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This article focuses on reliable VNF service provisioning in MECs, by placing primary and backup VNF instances to cloudlets in an MEC network to meet the service reliability requirements of users and develops two efficient online algorithms for the problem.
Abstract: The Mobile Edge-Cloud (MEC) network has emerged as a promising networking paradigm to address the conflict between increasing computing-intensive applications and resource-constrained mobile Internet-of-Thing (IoT) devices with portable size and storage. In MEC environments, Virtualized Network Functions (VNFs) are deployed for provisioning network services to users to reduce the service cost on top of dedicated hardware infrastructures. However, VNFs may suffer from failures and malfunctions while network service providers have to guarantee continuously reliable services to their consumers to meet the ever-growing service demands of users, thereby securing their revenues for the service. In this article, we focus on reliable VNF service provisioning in MECs, by placing primary and backup VNF instances to cloudlets in an MEC network to meet the service reliability requirements of users. We first formulate a novel VNF service reliability problem with the aim to maximize the revenue collected by admitting as many as user requests while meeting their different reliability requirements, assuming that requests arrive into the system one by one without the knowledge of future arrivals, and the admission or rejection decision must be made immediately. We then develop two efficient online algorithms for the problem under two different backup schemes: the on-site (local) and off-site (remote) schemes, by adopting the primal-dual updating technique. Both algorithms achieve provable competitive ratios with bounded moderate resource capacity violations. We finally evaluate the proposed algorithms through experimental simulations. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithms are promising, compared with existing baseline algorithms.

49 citations


Cites background from "Redundant placement of virtualized ..."

  • ...Among them, a common and practical approach is utilizing redundancy [2]....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: F fuzzy heuristic-based ant colony optimization is introduced as a fuzzy knowledge-based version of ACO to efficiently solve the VNF placement/routing problem and Simulation results on US and Pan-European network topologies demonstrate the superiority of the proposed FH-ACO algorithm against the existing techniques.

39 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a double deep Q-networks based online SFC placement scheme DDQP is proposed to deal with large continuous network state space, which offers constant generated state updates from active instances to standby instances to guarantee seamless redirection after failures.
Abstract: Since Network Function Virtualization (NFV) decouples network functions (NFs) from the underlying dedicated hardware and realizes them in the form of software called Virtual Network Functions (VNFs), they are enabled to run in any resource-sufficient virtual machines. A service function chain (SFC) is composed of a sequential set of VNFs. As VNFs are vulnerable to various faults such as software failures, we consider how to deploy both active and standby SFC instances. Given the complexity and unpredictability of the network state, we propose a double deep Q-networks based online SFC placement scheme DDQP. Specifically, DDQP uses deep neural networks to deal with large continuous network state space. In the case of stateful VNFs, we offer constant generated state updates from active instances to standby instances to guarantee seamless redirection after failures. With the goal of balancing the waste of resources and ensuring service reliability, we introduce five progressive schemes of resource reservations to meet different customer needs. Our experimental results demonstrate that DDQP responds rapidly to arriving requests and reaches near-optimal performance. Specifically, DDQP outweighs the state-of-the-art method by 16.30% and 38.51% higher acceptance ratio under different schemes with 82x speedup on average. In order to enhance the integrity of the SFC state transition, we further proposed DDQP+, which extends DDQP by adding the delayed placement mechanism. Compared with DDQP, the design of the DDQP+ algorithm is more reasonable and comprehensive. The experiment results also show that DDQP+ achieved further improvement in multiple performance indicators.

33 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This work systematically review the literature on the VNF-FGE problem and presents a novel taxonomy for the classification and study of proposed solutions to this problem, providing recommendations for future work.

31 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The problem of locating edge devices in ultra-dense 5G network function virtualization-based small cell networks for the provisioning of reliable broadcasting services is investigated as a capacitated reliable facility location problem (CRFLP) with failure probability.
Abstract: This paper investigates the problem of locating edge devices in ultra-dense 5G network function virtualization-based small cell networks for the provisioning of reliable broadcasting services The problem is formulated as a capacitated reliable facility location problem (CRFLP) with failure probability The solution aims at placing the VNFs of broadcast transmissions optimally on selected edge devices in order to ensure high reliability and minimize the cost of providing broadcast services as well as the probability of loss of service requests The CRFLP is a non-linear NP-hard problem and it is evaluated by using a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm Two multi-objective metaheuristics are compared: the multi-objective particle swarm optimization and the nondominated sorting genetic algorithm Results demonstrate that the proposed solution achieves high levels of reliability as well as low latency

29 citations


Cites methods from "Redundant placement of virtualized ..."

  • ...In [39], a redundancy series-parallel model was introduced to improve the reliability of LTE eMBMS services....

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References
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Proceedings ArticleDOI
06 Aug 2002
TL;DR: A concept for the optimization of nonlinear functions using particle swarm methodology is introduced, and the evolution of several paradigms is outlined, and an implementation of one of the paradigm is discussed.
Abstract: A concept for the optimization of nonlinear functions using particle swarm methodology is introduced. The evolution of several paradigms is outlined, and an implementation of one of the paradigms is discussed. Benchmark testing of the paradigm is described, and applications, including nonlinear function optimization and neural network training, are proposed. The relationships between particle swarm optimization and both artificial life and genetic algorithms are described.

35,104 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors survey the state-of-the-art in NFV and identify promising research directions in this area, and also overview key NFV projects, standardization efforts, early implementations, use cases, and commercial products.
Abstract: Network function virtualization (NFV) has drawn significant attention from both industry and academia as an important shift in telecommunication service provisioning. By decoupling network functions (NFs) from the physical devices on which they run, NFV has the potential to lead to significant reductions in operating expenses (OPEX) and capital expenses (CAPEX) and facilitate the deployment of new services with increased agility and faster time-to-value. The NFV paradigm is still in its infancy and there is a large spectrum of opportunities for the research community to develop new architectures, systems and applications, and to evaluate alternatives and trade-offs in developing technologies for its successful deployment. In this paper, after discussing NFV and its relationship with complementary fields of software defined networking (SDN) and cloud computing, we survey the state-of-the-art in NFV, and identify promising research directions in this area. We also overview key NFV projects, standardization efforts, early implementations, use cases, and commercial products.

1,634 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In order to reduce signaling traffic and achieve better performance, this article proposes a criterion to bundle multiple functions of a virtualized evolved packet core in a single physical device or a group of adjacent devices.
Abstract: As mobile network users look forward to the connectivity speeds of 5G networks, service providers are facing challenges in complying with connectivity demands without substantial financial investments. Network function virtualization (NFV) is introduced as a new methodology that offers a way out of this bottleneck. NFV is poised to change the core structure of telecommunications infrastructure to be more cost-efficient. In this article, we introduce an NFV framework, and discuss the challenges and requirements of its use in mobile networks. In particular, an NFV framework in the virtual environment is proposed. Moreover, in order to reduce signaling traffic and achieve better performance, this article proposes a criterion to bundle multiple functions of a virtualized evolved packet core in a single physical device or a group of adjacent devices. The analysis shows that the proposed grouping can reduce the network control traffic by 70 percent.

462 citations


"Redundant placement of virtualized ..." refers background or methods in this paper

  • ...In [5], an NFV framework was proposed for gathering functions of a virtualized evolved packet core based on their interactions and workload with the aim of reducing signaling traffic as well as to enhance the performance of the mobile core network....

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  • ...Actually, NFV decouples software from hardware enabling network functions to run on commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) equipment [5]....

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Proceedings ArticleDOI
23 May 2007
TL;DR: The history of software reliability engineering, the current trends and existing problems, and specific difficulties are reviewed and possible future directions and promising research subjects inSoftware reliability engineering are addressed.
Abstract: Software reliability engineering is focused on engineering techniques for developing and maintaining software systems whose reliability can be quantitatively evaluated. In order to estimate as well as to predict the reliability of software systems, failure data need to be properly measured by various means during software development and operational phases. Moreover, credible software reliability models are required to track underlying software failure processes for accurate reliability analysis and forecasting. Although software reliability has remained an active research subject over the past 35 years, challenges and open questions still exist. In particular, vital future goals include the development of new software reliability engineering paradigms that take software architectures, testing techniques, and software failure manifestation mechanisms into consideration. In this paper, we review the history of software reliability engineering, the current trends and existing problems, and specific difficulties. Possible future directions and promising research subjects in software reliability engineering are also addressed.

308 citations


"Redundant placement of virtualized ..." refers background in this paper

  • ...Several studies have been devoted to tackle software reliability engineering (SRE) problems [10] [11],[12]....

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  • ...quirements concerning reliability” [11]....

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01 Jan 2004

275 citations


"Redundant placement of virtualized ..." refers background in this paper

  • ...1) which provides point-to-multipoint distribution of content to a very high number of users by efficiently using radio resources [3]....

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  • ...∗ on leave from University of Cape Verde Multicast Services (eMBMS) standard in 3GPP R9 [3] introduces new opportunities to optimize network resources, as well as to boost network capacity by employing a point-tomultipoint content distribution service with consistent QoS to any wireless device....

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