Regional anesthesia in the patient receiving antithrombotic or thrombolytic therapy: American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine Evidence-Based Guidelines (Third Edition).
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...In the United States, however, concerns about the potential for neuraxial bleeding (particularly in the setting of heparinization, platelet inhibitors, and CPBinduced thrombocytopenia), local anesthetic toxicity, and logistical issues related to the timing of epidural catheter insertion and management have resulted in limited use of these techniques (22)....
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"Regional anesthesia in the patient ..." refers background or methods in this paper
...Rather, such patients can continue to be treated with twicedaily subcutaneous UFH and the use of compression devices.(7) Furthermore, it is not necessary to routinely check the aPTT or platelet count, unless the clinician is concerned about changes in these values after Bprolonged administration[ or in patients with many comorbidities that might influence the pharmacologic expression of subcutaneous UFH....
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...This may be in part due to low adherence to the prescribed balance of thromboembolic complication and bleeding, a difference in patient population (controlled study patients with few comorbidities versus actual clinical practice) and the use of a surrogate end point.(7,21) In addition, because previous studies have not included patients at risk for increased bleeding, the balance between hemostasis and thromboembolism in these patients is even less clear....
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...Guidelines for antithrombotic therapy including appropriate pharmacologic agent, degree of anticoagulation desired, and duration of therapy continue to evolve.(6,7) Recommendations from the Eighth ACCP Guidelines on Antithrombotic and Thrombolytic Therapy in 2008 are based extensively on clinical trials that assessed the efficacy of therapy using contrast venography or duplex sonography to diagnose asymptomatic thrombi....
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...§Adapted from the American College of Chest Physicians.(7) Horlocker et al Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine & Volume 35, Number 1, January-February 2010...
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...Subcutaneous Heparin With Thrice-Daily Dosing It has become conventional treatment for patients to receive subcutaneous UFH 3 times per day rather than 2 times per day based on the 2008 ACCP conference guidelines.(7) There are scarce data that aid the practitioner in determining the risk and benefit ratio for patients who would otherwise benefit from single-shot regional anesthesia/analgesia or request epidural analgesia or peripheral nerve block analgesia maintained postoperatively while receiving such therapy....
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