Regional Origin Assignment of Red Wines from Valencia (Spain) by 2H NMR and 13C IRMS Stable Isotope Analysis of Fermentative Ethanol
02 Jul 1999-Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry (American Chemical Society)-Vol. 47, Iss: 7, pp 2645-2652
TL;DR: Multivariate discriminant analysis is shown to provide a convenient means for integration of the classifying information, high discriminating abilities being demonstrated for the (2)H and (13)C fingerprints of ethanol.
Abstract: The use of the stable hydrogen and carbon isotope ratios of fermentative ethanol as suitable environmental fingerprints for the regional origin identification of red wines from Valencia (Spain) has been explored. Monovarietal Vitis vinifera L. cvs. Bobal, Tempranillo, and Monastrell wines have been investigated by 2H NMR and 13C IRMS for the natural ranges of site-specific 2H/1H ratios and global δ13C values of ethanol over three vintage years. Statistically significant interregional and interannual 2H and 13C abundance differences have been noticed, which are interpreted in terms of environmental and ecophysiological factors of isotope content variation. Multivariate discriminant analysis is shown to provide a convenient means for integration of the classifying information, high discriminating abilities being demonstrated for the 2H and 13C fingerprints of ethanol. Reasonable differentiation results are achieved at a microregional scale in terms of geographic provenance and even grapevine genotypic featu...
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TL;DR: The authenticity, the grape variety, the geographical origin, and the year of vintage of wines produced in Germany were investigated by (1)H NMR spectroscopy in combination with several steps of multivariate data analysis including principal component analysis (PCA), linear discrimination analysis (LDA), and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA).
Abstract: The authenticity, the grape variety, the geographical origin, and the year of vintage of wines produced in Germany were investigated by 1H NMR spectroscopy in combination with several steps of multivariate data analysis including principal component analysis (PCA), linear discrimination analysis (LDA), and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) together with cross-validation (CV) embedded in a Monte Carlo resampling approach (MC) and others. A total of about 600 wines were selected and carefully collected from five wine-growing areas in the southern and southwestern parts of Germany. Simultaneous saturation of the resonances of water and ethanol by application of a low-power eight-frequency band irradiation using shaped pulses allowed for high receiver gain settings and hence optimized signal-to-noise ratios. Correct prediction of classification of the grape varieties of Pinot noir, Lemberger, Pinot blanc/Pinot gris, Muller-Thurgau, Riesling, and Gewurztraminer of 95% in the wine panel was achieved. T...
205 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors report the first national-level survey of stable isotope ratios in tap water, including spatially and temporally explicit samples from a large number of cities and towns across the contiguous United States.
Abstract: [1] Understanding links between water consumers and climatological (precipitation) sources is essential for developing strategies to ensure the long-term sustainability of water supplies. In pursing this understanding a need exists for tools to study and monitor complex human-hydrological systems that involve high levels of spatial connectivity and supply problems that are regional, rather than local, in nature. Here we report the first national-level survey of stable isotope ratios in tap water, including spatially and temporally explicit samples from a large number of cities and towns across the contiguous United States. We show that intra-annual ranges of tap water isotope ratios are relatively small (e.g., <10‰ for δ2H) at most sites. In contrast, spatial variation in tap water isotope ratios is very large, spanning ranges of 163‰ for δ2H and 23.6‰ for δ18O. The spatial distribution of tap water isotope ratios at the national level is similar to that of stable isotope ratios of precipitation. At the regional level, however, pervasive differences between tap water and precipitation isotope ratios can be attributed to hydrological factors in the water source to consumer chain. These patterns highlight the potential for monitoring of tap water isotope ratios to contribute to the study of regional water supply stability and provide warning signals for impending water resource changes. We present the first published maps of predicted tap water isotope ratios for the contiguous United States, which will be useful in guiding future research on human-hydrological systems and as a tool for applied forensics and traceability studies.
195 citations
TL;DR: This review covers two important techniques, high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and mass spectrometry, used to characterize food products and detect possible adulteration of wine, fruit juices, and olive oil, all important products of the Mediterranean Basin.
Abstract: This review covers two important techniques, high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and mass spectrometry (MS), used to characterize food products and detect possible adulteration of wine, fruit juices, and olive oil, all important products of the Mediterranean Basin. Emphasis is placed on the complementary use of SNIF-NMR (site-specific natural isotopic fractionation nuclear magnetic resonance) and IRMS (isotope-ratio mass spectrometry) in association with chemometric methods for detecting the adulteration.
173 citations
TL;DR: An overview is provided on the authenticity and traceability of the agro-products from both animal and plant sources by stable isotope ratio analysis.
101 citations
TL;DR: The combination of (1)H NMR data with stable isotope data improves efficiency of classification models for geographical origin and vintage of wine and can be potentially used for other food products as well.
81 citations
References
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TL;DR: In this paper, Niee's and Solenhofen standards were compared to the Chicago PDB standard for carbon and oxygen isotope ratios, and the correction factors for instrumental effects and for the nature of the mass spectra were derived.
4,071 citations
783 citations
TL;DR: This parameter may be a useful index of the water relations of these plants under natural conditions and may reflect the different δD value of available water in areas of increasing aridity.
Abstract: The ratio of deuterium to hydrogen (expressed as δD) in hydrogen released as water during the combustion of dried plant material was examined. The δD value (metabolic hydrogen) determined on plant materials grown under controlled conditions is correlated with pathways of photosynthetic carbon metabolism. C3 plants show mean δD values of-132‰ for shoots and -117‰ for roots; C4 plants show mean δD values of -91‰ for shoots and-77‰ for roots and CAM plants a δD value of-75‰ for roots and shoots. The difference between the δD value of shoot material from C3 and C4 plants was confirmed in species growing under a range of glasshouse conditions. This difference in δD value between C3 and C4 species does not appear to be due to differences in the δD value (tissue water) in the plants as a result of physical fractionation of hydrogen isotopes during transpiration. In C3 and C4 plants the hydrogen isotope discrimination is in the same direction as the carbon isotope discrimination and factors contributing to the difference in δD values are discussed. In CAM plants grown in the laboratory or collected from the field δD values range from-75‰ to +50‰ and are correlated with δ(13)C values. When deprived of water, the δD value (metabolic hydrogen) in both soluble and insoluble material in leaves of Kalanchoe daigremontiana Hamet et Perr., becomes less negative. These changes may reflect the deuterium enrichment of tissue water during transpiration, or in field conditions, may reflect the different δD value of available water in areas of increasing aridity. Whatever the origin of the variable δD value in CAM plants, this parameter may be a useful index of the water relations of these plants under natural conditions.
139 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, L'analyse par chromatographie gazeuse et spectrometrie de masse permet de separer 168 constituants volatils and 90 de ces composes sont identified avec certitude.
Abstract: L'analyse par chromatographie gazeuse et spectrometrie de masse permet de separer 168 constituants volatils. 90 de ces composes sont identifies avec certitude
86 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a large number of Moglichkeiten for stabilen and naturlichen radioaktiven Isotopen in Lebensmitteln is discussed.
Abstract: Der Gehalt an stabilen and naturlichen radioaktiven Isotopen in Lebensmitteln ist oft typisch fur deren Herkunft and Verarbeitung. Anhand eines ordnenden Uberblicks der Resultate aus den letzten zehn Jahren werden die Moglichkeiten entsprechender Messungen aufgezeigt. Die grose Mehrzahl dieser Untersuchungen befast sich mit der13C-Analyse und betrifft vor allem die Produkte Zucker, Honig, Sirupe, Essig, Alkohol und Spirituosen. Daruber hinaus finden sich eine Reihe von Daten uber Bier, Fette, Ole, Fleisch, Molkereiprodukte, Eier and einige Hilfs- und Zusatzstoffe. Die wichtigste Unterscheidungsmoglichkeit besteht in der Zuordnung von Produkten aus Mais und/oder Zuckerrohr („schwere” Pflanzen oder C4-Pflanzen) bzw. Produkten aus den iibrigen wichtigen Kulturpflanzen („leichte” Pflanzen oder C3-Pflanzen). Streubreiten and Nachweisgrenzen sowie kunftige Moglichkeiten, vor allem die Messung von Stickstoff-und Schwefelisotopen, werden diskutiert.
77 citations