Regional population collapse followed initial agriculture booms in mid-Holocene Europe
Stephen Shennan,Sean S. Downey,Sean S. Downey,Adrian Timpson,Kevan Edinborough,Sue Colledge,Tim Kerig,Katie Manning,Mark G. Thomas +8 more
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TLDR
It is shown that the introduction of agriculture into Europe was followed by a boom-and-bust pattern in the density of regional populations, and the results suggest that the demographic patterns may have arisen from endogenous causes, although this remains speculative.Abstract:
Following its initial arrival in SE Europe 8,500 years ago agriculture spread throughout the continent, changing food production and consumption patterns and increasing population densities. Here we show that, in contrast to the steady population growth usually assumed, the introduction of agriculture into Europe was followed by a boom-and-bust pattern in the density of regional populations. We demonstrate that summed calibrated radiocarbon date distributions and simulation can be used to test the significance of these demographic booms and busts in the context of uncertainty in the radiocarbon date calibration curve and archaeological sampling. We report these results for Central and Northwest Europe between 8,000 and 4,000 cal. BP and investigate the relationship between these patterns and climate. However, we find no evidence to support a relationship. Our results thus suggest that the demographic patterns may have arisen from endogenous causes, although this remains speculative.read more
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The Beaker phenomenon and the genomic transformation of northwest Europe
Iñigo Olalde,Selina Brace,Morten E. Allentoft,Ian Armit,Kristian Kristiansen,Thomas J. Booth,Nadin Rohland,Swapan Mallick,Swapan Mallick,Swapan Mallick,Anna Szécsényi-Nagy,Alissa Mittnik,Alissa Mittnik,Eveline Altena,Mark Lipson,Iosif Lazaridis,Iosif Lazaridis,Thomas K. Harper,Nick Patterson,Nasreen Broomandkhoshbacht,Nasreen Broomandkhoshbacht,Yoan Diekmann,Zuzana Faltyskova,Daniel Fernandes,Daniel Fernandes,Daniel Fernandes,Matthew Ferry,Matthew Ferry,Eadaoin Harney,Peter de Knijff,Megan Michel,Megan Michel,Jonas Oppenheimer,Jonas Oppenheimer,Kristin Stewardson,Kristin Stewardson,Alistair Barclay,Kurt W. Alt,Kurt W. Alt,Corina Liesau,Patricia Ríos,Concepción Blasco,Jorge Vega de Miguel,Roberto Menduiña García,Azucena Avilés Fernández,Eszter Bánffy,Eszter Bánffy,Maria Bernabò-Brea,David Billoin,Clive Bonsall,Laura Bonsall,Tim Allen,Lindsey Büster,Sophie Carver,Laura Castells Navarro,Oliver E. Craig,Gordon Cook,Barry Cunliffe,Anthony Denaire,Kirsten Egging Dinwiddy,Natasha Dodwell,Michal Ernée,Christopher Evans,Milan Kuchařík,Joan Francès Farré,Chris Fowler,Michiel Gazenbeek,Rafael Garrido Pena,María Haber-Uriarte,Elżbieta Haduch,Gill Hey,Nick Jowett,Timothy D J Knowles,Ken Massy,Saskia Pfrengle,Philippe Lefranc,Olivier Lemercier,Arnaud Lefebvre,Arnaud Lefebvre,César Heras Martínez,Virginia Galera Olmo,Ana Bastida Ramírez,Joaquín Lomba Maurandi,Tona Majó,Jacqueline I. McKinley,Kathleen McSweeney,Balázs Gusztáv Mende,Alessandra Modi,Gabriella Kulcsár,Viktória Kiss,András Czene,Róbert Patay,Anna Endrődi,Kitti Köhler,Tamás Hajdu,Tamás Hajdu,Tamás Szeniczey,János Dani,Zsolt Bernert,Maya Hoole,Olivia Cheronet,Olivia Cheronet,Denise Keating,Petr Velemínský,Miroslav Dobeš,Francesca Candilio,Francesca Candilio,Fraser Brown,Raúl Flores Fernández,Ana-Mercedes Herrero-Corral,Sebastiano Tusa,Emiliano Carnieri,Luigi Lentini,Antonella Valenti,Alessandro Zanini,Clive Waddington,Germán Delibes,Elisa Guerra-Doce,Benjamin Neil,Marcus Brittain,Mike Luke,Richard Mortimer,Jocelyne Desideri,Marie Besse,Günter Brücken,Mirosław Furmanek,Agata Hałuszko,Maksym Mackiewicz,Artur Rapiński,Stephany Leach,Ignacio Soriano,Katina T. Lillios,João Luís Cardoso,João Luís Cardoso,Mike Parker Pearson,Piotr Włodarczak,T. Douglas Price,Pilar Prieto,Pierre-Jérôme Rey,Roberto Risch,Manuel Ángel Rojo Guerra,Aurore Schmitt,Joël Serralongue,Ana Maria Silva,Václav Smrčka,Luc Vergnaud,João Zilhão,João Zilhão,João Zilhão,David Caramelli,Thomas Higham,Mark G. Thomas,Douglas J. Kennett,Harry Fokkens,Volker M Heyd,Volker M Heyd,Alison Sheridan,Karl-Göran Sjögren,Philipp W. Stockhammer,Philipp W. Stockhammer,Johannes Krause,Ron Pinhasi,Ron Pinhasi,Wolfgang Haak,Wolfgang Haak,Ian Barnes,Carles Lalueza-Fox,David Reich,David Reich,David Reich +169 more
TL;DR: Genome-wide data from 400 Neolithic, Copper Age and Bronze Age Europeans is presented, finding limited genetic affinity between Beaker-complex-associated individuals from Iberia and central Europe, and excludes migration as an important mechanism of spread between these two regions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Early divergent strains of Yersinia pestis in Eurasia 5,000 years ago.
Simon Rasmussen,Morten E. Allentoft,Kasper Nielsen,Ludovic Orlando,Martin Sikora,Karl-Göran Sjögren,Anders Gorm Pedersen,Mikkel Schubert,Alex R. Van Dam,Christian M. O. Kapel,Henrik Nielsen,Søren Brunak,Søren Brunak,Pavel Avetisyan,Andrey Epimakhov,Mikhail Viktorovich Khalyapin,Artak Gnuni,Aivar Kriiska,Irena Lasak,Mait Metspalu,Vyacheslav Moiseyev,Andrei V. Gromov,Dalia Pokutta,Lehti Saag,Liivi Varul,Levon Yepiskoposyan,Thomas Sicheritz-Pontén,Robert Foley,Marta Mirazón Lahr,Rasmus Nielsen,Kristian Kristiansen,Eske Willerslev,Eske Willerslev +32 more
TL;DR: The oldest direct evidence of Yersinia pestis identified by ancient DNA in human teeth from Asia and Europe dating from 2,800 to 5,000 years ago is reported and is found to be at least two times older than previous estimates.
Journal ArticleDOI
A recent bottleneck of Y chromosome diversity coincides with a global change in culture
Monika Karmin,Monika Karmin,Lauri Saag,Lauri Saag,Mário Vicente,Melissa A. Wilson Sayres,Melissa A. Wilson Sayres,Mari Järve,Ulvi Gerst Talas,Siiri Rootsi,Anne-Mai Ilumäe,Anne-Mai Ilumäe,Reedik Mägi,Mario Mitt,Luca Pagani,Tarmo Puurand,Zuzana Faltyskova,Florian Clemente,Alexia Cardona,Ene Metspalu,Ene Metspalu,Hovhannes Sahakyan,Hovhannes Sahakyan,Bayazit Yunusbayev,Bayazit Yunusbayev,Georgi Hudjashov,Georgi Hudjashov,Michael DeGiorgio,Eva Liis Loogväli,Christina A. Eichstaedt,Mikk Eelmets,Mikk Eelmets,Gyaneshwer Chaubey,Kristiina Tambets,S. S. Litvinov,S. S. Litvinov,Maru Mormina,Yali Xue,Qasim Ayub,Grigor Zoraqi,Thorfinn Sand Korneliussen,Thorfinn Sand Korneliussen,Farida Akhatova,Farida Akhatova,Joseph Lachance,Joseph Lachance,Sarah A. Tishkoff,Kuvat T. Momynaliev,François-Xavier Ricaut,Pradiptajati Kusuma,Pradiptajati Kusuma,Harilanto Razafindrazaka,Denis Pierron,Murray P. Cox,Gazi Nurun Nahar Sultana,Rane Willerslev,Craig Muller,Michael C. Westaway,David M. Lambert,Vedrana Škaro,Lejla Kovacevic,Shahlo Turdikulova,Dilbar Dalimova,Rita Khusainova,Rita Khusainova,N. N. Trofimova,N. N. Trofimova,V. L. Akhmetova,I. M. Khidiyatova,I. M. Khidiyatova,Daria V. Lichman,Jainagul Isakova,Elvira Pocheshkhova,Zhaxylyk Sabitov,Zhaxylyk Sabitov,Nikolay A. Barashkov,Pagbajabyn Nymadawa,Evelin Mihailov,Joseph Wee Tien Seng,Irina Evseeva,Andrea Bamberg Migliano,S M Abdullah,George Andriadze,Dragan Primorac,L. A. Atramentova,Olga Utevska,Levon Yepiskoposyan,Damir Marjanović,Alena Kushniarevich,Alena Kushniarevich,Doron M. Behar,Christian Gilissen,Lisenka E.L.M. Vissers,Joris A. Veltman,Elena Balanovska,Miroslava Derenko,Boris Malyarchuk,Andres Metspalu,Sardana A. Fedorova,Anders Eriksson,Anders Eriksson,Andrea Manica,Fernando L. Mendez,Tatiana M. Karafet,Krishna R. Veeramah,Neil Bradman,Michael F. Hammer,Ludmila P. Osipova,Oleg Balanovsky,Elza Khusnutdinova,Elza Khusnutdinova,Knut Johnsen,Maido Remm,Mark G. Thomas,Chris Tyler-Smith,Peter A. Underhill,Eske Willerslev,Rasmus Nielsen,Mait Metspalu,Mait Metspalu,Richard Villems,Richard Villems,Richard Villems,Toomas Kivisild,Toomas Kivisild +124 more
TL;DR: A study of 456 geographically diverse high-coverage Y chromosome sequences, including 299 newly reported samples, infer a second strong bottleneck in Y-chromosome lineages dating to the last 10 ky, and hypothesize that this bottleneck is caused by cultural changes affecting variance of reproductive success among males.
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Human and nature dynamics (HANDY): Modeling inequality and use of resources in the collapse or sustainability of societies
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The city as innovation machine
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors put cities and urban regions at the very centre of the processes of innovation and entrepreneurship, and argued that innovation does not simply take place in cities but in fact requires them.
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