Journal Article•
Regulation in some vital physiological attributes and antioxidative defense system in carrot ( Daucus carota L.) under saline stress
16 Oct 2012-Journal of applied botany and food quality (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Qualitätsforschung - Pflanzliche Nahrungsmittel e.V.)-Vol. 85, Iss: 1, pp 105-105
TL;DR: The relatively better growth of cultivar T-29 was found to be correlated with improved leaf water potential, leaf Ca 2+ , proline, phenolics, and activity of SOD enzyme under saline conditions.
Abstract: Regulation of some key metabolic phenomena including antioxidative defense system involved in plant salt tolerance is of great concern. Changes in chlorophyll pigments, chlorophyll fl uorescence and leaf gas exchange characteristics, glycinebetaine and proline contents, and enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants was assessed in two carrot (Daucus carota L.) cultivars, DC-4 and T-29 under saline stress in a greenhouse study. Application of different saline regimes (0, 50, 100 and 150 mM NaCl) to the growth medium considerably reduced the shoot and root fresh and dry weights, shoot and root lengths, chlorophyll b contents, leaf water potential (Ψ w ), leaf osmotic potential (Ψ s ), photosynthetic rate (A), water-use effi ciency, sub-stomatal CO 2 concentration (C i ), stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration rate (E), C i /C a ratio, leaf and root K + and Ca 2+ contents, leaf MDA, total phenolics, total soluble proteins, and activities of CAT, SOD and POD enzymes, while a marked increase was observed in leaf turgor potential (Ψ p ), leaf and root Na + and Cl - contents, leaf proline, glycinebetaine (GB), ascorbic acid (AsA) and H 2 O 2 contents in both cultivars. Of both carrot cultivars, cultivar T-29 was relatively higher in shoot and root fresh weights, root Na + , leaf and root Ca 2+ , leaf proline, MDA, total phenolics, soluble proteins and activity of SOD enzyme. In contrast, cultivar DC-4 was relatively higher in leaf Ψ w and Ψ s , leaf K + , root Ca 2+ and leaf GB as compared to those in the other cultivar. The relatively better growth of cultivar T-29 was found to be correlated with improved leaf water potential, leaf Ca 2+ , proline, phenolics, and activity of SOD enzyme under saline conditions.
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TL;DR: This review examines and summarises literature on biostimulant use on vegetable crops, focusing on their application to counteract the most common environmental stresses.
Abstract: Abiotic stresses strongly affect plant growth, development, and quality of production; final crop yield can be really compromised if stress occurs in plants’ most sensitive phenological phases. Additionally, the increase of crop stress tolerance through genetic improvements requires long breeding programmes and different cultivation environments for crop performance validation. Biostimulants have been proposed as agronomic tools to counteract abiotic stress. Indeed, these products containing bioactive molecules have a beneficial effect on plants and improve their capability to face adverse environmental conditions, acting on primary or secondary metabolism. Many companies are investing in new biostimulant products development and in the identification of the most effective bioactive molecules contained in different kinds of extracts, able to elicit specific plant responses against abiotic stresses. Most of these compounds are unknown and their characterization in term of composition is almost impossible; therefore, they could be classified on the basis of their role in plants. Biostimulants have been generally applied to high-value crops like fruits and vegetables; thus, in this review, we examine and summarise literature on their use on vegetable crops, focusing on their application to counteract the most common environmental stresses.
301 citations
Cites background from "Regulation in some vital physiologi..."
...[156] reported an important reduction of total phenolics, total soluble proteins and a suppressed activity of catalase, superoxide dismutase and peroxidase in carrot under saline condition....
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TL;DR: In this article, a greenhouse experiment was conducted to assess salt-induced regulation in different enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants in the edible part of two cultivars (T-29 and DC-4) of carrot.
Abstract: Carrot (Daucus carota L.) is widely utilized all over the world due to its enriched healthy nutritional composition. However, its growth and quality is adversely affected due to saline stress. To assess salt-induced regulation in different enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants in the edible part of two cultivars (T-29 and DC-4) of carrot, a greenhouse experiment was conducted. The cultivars were grown for 90 days under varying (0, 50, 100, and 150 mM NaCl) saline regimes. High accumulation of glycinebetaine (GB), malondialdehyde (MDA), and ascorbic acid (AsA) contents was found in the roots of both carrot lines under varying saline regimes. However, total soluble proteins and activities of peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) declined in the edible part of both carrot cultivars. Alpha-tocopherol (α-Toco) contents remained almost unaffected at all saline regimes except at 150 mM NaCl, where tocopherol content increased markedly. Of both carrot cultivars, cv. DC-4 accumulated r...
36 citations
Cites background or result from "Regulation in some vital physiologi..."
...During experimentation, average values of photoperiod, light intensity, relative humidity, and temperature have already been described in Bano et al. (2012)....
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...These results are parallel to some earlier reports on different vegetable crops such as eggplant (Abbas et al. 2010; Shaheen et al. 2013), carrot (Bano et al. 2012), and cauliflower (Batool et al. 2013) in which enhanced accumulation of GB was reported in the upper parts (shoot) of all these plants....
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...Recently, while working with a variety of attributes in two carrot cultivars, Bano et al. (2012) have found a significant salt-induced suppression in plant growth, chlorophyll pigments, water relation attributes, photosynthetic rate, essentially required nutrients such as K and Ca2 , leaf…...
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...2013), carrot (Bano et al. 2012), and cauliflower (Batool et al....
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...Of all salt regimes, 150 mM NaCl was highly inhibitory as compared to the other salt treatments and this has already been presented by Bano et al. (2012)....
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TL;DR: In this paper, a number of approaches are being used to combat the negative effect of salt in vegetable crops and plants, and nutrient management is one of the good strategies to mitigate the negative effects of salt stress in vegetables and plants.
27 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of saline stress on growth, gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, mineral nutrients and nonenzymatic antioxidants in 2 mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] lines was evaluated.
Abstract: The study was conducted to appraise the effect of saline stress on growth, gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, mineral nutrients and non-enzymatic antioxidants in 2 mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] lines (97001 and 97012). Seeds of each line were sown in sand-filled pots. When the plants were 30 day-old, 2 saline regimes [control (non-saline – full strength Hoagland’s nutrient solution) and 50mM NaCl in Hoagland’s nutrient medium] were applied and maintained 30 days, after which time data for various growth and physiological attributes were recorded. Saline stress markedly reduced shoot fresh and dry weight, shoot length, net CO2 assimilation rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, water use efficiency, leaf and root N contents, and leaf ascorbic acid and phenolic contents in both mungbean lines. In contrast, salt stress significantly enhanced leaf and root Na and root Ca contents in both mungbean lines. Saline stress did not alter leaf chlorophyll fluorescence, leaf and root K and P and leaf Ca as well as leaf alpha-tocopherol. Overall, line 97001 showed better performance than line 97012 under both saline and non-saline conditions.
16 citations
TL;DR: There seems to be a promising opportunity for AMF application to carrots under pot culture as well as under field trials because of promising effect towards morphological parameters, especially root weight, and disparities in nutrients and metabolites.
8 citations
References
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TL;DR: Evidence that a copper enzyme, polyphenoloxidase (otherwise known as tyrosinase or catecholase), is localized in the chloroplasts of spinach beet (chard), Beta vu?garis is presented.
Abstract: The chloroplast, as the seat of chlorophyll pigments in plants, occupies a unique position in the economy of the green cell. In recent years there has been a renewed interest in the reactions and properties of chloroplasts as a result of the work of Hill (11, 12) and Hill and Scarisbrick (13, 14) who demonstrated that the reaction characteristic of photosynthesis in green plants, the evolution of oxygen, occurs in appreciable quantities in isolated chloroplasts under the influence of light and in the presence of suitable oxidants (2, 7, 8, 26). In the course of an investigation of oxygen evolution by isolated chloroplasts it was deemed important to explore their enzymatic composition. Of special interest were considered enzymes capable of participating in oxidation-reduction reactions, and more particularly, those localized principally, if not entirely, in the chloroplasts. This paper presents evidence that a copper enzyme, polyphenoloxidase (otherwise known as tyrosinase or catecholase), is localized in the chloroplasts of spinach beet (chard), Beta vu?garis.
20,139 citations
"Regulation in some vital physiologi..." refers methods in this paper
...Chlorophyll a and b were calculated using the formulae proposed by ARNON (1949)....
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TL;DR: In this article, a simple colorimetric determination of proline in the 0.1 to 36.0 μmoles/g range of fresh weight leaf material was presented.
Abstract: Proline, which increases proportionately faster than other amino acids in plants under water stress, has been suggested as an evaluating parameter for irrigation scheduling and for selecting drought-resistant varieties. The necessity to analyze numerous samples from multiple replications of field grown materials prompted the development of a simple, rapid colorimetric determination of proline. The method detected proline in the 0.1 to 36.0 μmoles/g range of fresh weight leaf material.
15,328 citations
"Regulation in some vital physiologi..." refers methods in this paper
...The proline concentration was estimated following the method described by BATES et al. (1973)....
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TL;DR: The physiological and molecular mechanisms of tolerance to osmotic and ionic components of salinity stress are reviewed at the cellular, organ, and whole-plant level and the role of the HKT gene family in Na(+) exclusion from leaves is increasing.
Abstract: The physiological and molecular mechanisms of tolerance to osmotic and ionic components of salinity stress are reviewed at the cellular, organ, and whole-plant level. Plant growth responds to salinity in two phases: a rapid, osmotic phase that inhibits growth of young leaves, and a slower, ionic phase that accelerates senescence of mature leaves. Plant adaptations to salinity are of three distinct types: osmotic stress tolerance, Na + or Cl − exclusion, and the tolerance of tissue to accumulated Na + or Cl − . Our understanding of the role of the HKT gene family in Na + exclusion from leaves is increasing, as is the understanding of the molecular bases for many other transport processes at the cellular level. However, we have a limited molecular understanding of the overall control of Na + accumulation and of osmotic stress tolerance at the whole-plant level. Molecular genetics and functional genomics provide a new opportunity to synthesize molecular and physiological knowledge to improve the salinity tolerance of plants relevant to food production and environmental sustainability.
9,966 citations
"Regulation in some vital physiologi..." refers background in this paper
...Most crop plants are salt sensitive and they are referred to as glycophytes (XUE et al., 2004; PARIDA and DAS, 2005; MUNNS and TESTER, 2008), because these ions cause impairment in many physiological and biochemical attributes including water relations, antioxidant defense system, photosynthesis,…...
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...In the present study, leaf and root K+ levels decreased while Na+ and Cl- contents increased, a general trend of most glycophytes, under saline regimes (MUNNS and TESTER, 2008)....
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TL;DR: Key steps of the signal transduction pathway that senses ROIs in plants have been identified and raise several intriguing questions about the relationships between ROI signaling, ROI stress and the production and scavenging ofROIs in the different cellular compartments.
9,395 citations
TL;DR: The biochemistry of ROS and their production sites, and ROS scavenging antioxidant defense machinery are described, which protects plants against oxidative stress damages.
8,259 citations
"Regulation in some vital physiologi..." refers background in this paper
...As a consequence, inorganic ions such as Na+ and Cl- are sequestered into the vacuole leading to turgor maintenance and osmotic adjustment (BOHNERT et al., 1995; GLENN et al., 1999; ASHRAF, 2004; BANU et al., 2009)....
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