Reinterpreting the Empathy-Altruism Relationship: When One Into One Equals Oneness
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Cites background from "Reinterpreting the Empathy-Altruism..."
...In a similar vein, Cialdini, Brown, Lewis, Luce, and Neuberg (1997) asserted that the merging of self with other is influenced by perspective taking....
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3,350 citations
Cites background from "Reinterpreting the Empathy-Altruism..."
...Indeed, empathy, helping and degree of closeness are correlated with decreasing tendencies from kin to close friends, acquaintances, and strangers (Cialdini et al. 1997) and altruistic behavior in experimental situations is directed at friends more than neutral individuals (Sawyer 1966)....
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2,431 citations
Cites background from "Reinterpreting the Empathy-Altruism..."
...An important aspect of Batson’s theoretical framework is that empathy-inducing conditions do not compromise the distinction between the self and other (e.g., Batson, Sager, et al., 1997, but see Cialdini et al., 1997, for a different account of empathy and self-other merging)....
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...For instance, Hoffman (1981) views empathy as a largely involuntary vicarious response to affective cues from another person or her situation, whereas Davis (1996) or Batson (1991b, in press) stress the conscious role-taking ability, which taps mainly into cognitive resources....
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References
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"Reinterpreting the Empathy-Altruism..." refers background in this paper
...Theorists and researchers who have taken a pan-cultural perspective have noted that the idea of self–other overlap is dominant in many non-Western societies of the world, in which a communal rather than individualistic orientation is the norm (Geertz, 1973; Gilligan, 1982; Markus & Kitayama, 1991; Triandis, 1989),and that it is the Westernized view of self (as encapsulated) that is relatively recent and localized (Triandis, 1996)....
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