Relationship between respiration rate and body size in marine plankton animals as a function of the temperature of habitat
01 Aug 1970-Vol. 21, Iss: 2, pp 91-112
About: The article was published on 1970-08-01 and is currently open access. It has received 102 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Respiration rate & Plankton.
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TL;DR: "Plausible" consumer-resource models, based on energetic reasoning and allometric empiricism, are formulated and their dynamics investigated, and changes in dynamics associated with increased resource carrying capacity K (the "paradox of enrichment") are investigated.
Abstract: "Plausible" consumer-resource models, based on energetic reasoning and allometric empiricism, are formulated and their dynamics investigated. Most of the parameters in these models are determined b...
697 citations
TL;DR: The size-efficiency hypothesis is an attempt to explain the commonly observed inverse relationship between the abundances of small and of large-bodied herbivorous zooplankton in freshwater lakes.
Abstract: The size-efficiency hypothesis, first proposed in 1965 by Brooks & Dodson (24), has profoundly influenced the direction of research in aquatic ecology since its publication.3 The size-efficiency hypothesis (SEH) is an attempt to explain the commonly observed inverse relationship between the abundances of smalland of large-bodied herbivorous zooplankton in freshwater lakes. The SEH was originally stated as follows:
524 citations
TL;DR: In considering the limits of the range of Pseudocalanus, Sewell cites records from as far south as Chesapeake Bay in the eastern U.S.A., from the North Atlantic Drift south of Iceland, from European waters as far north as Portugal, and from the Mediterranean.
Abstract: Publisher Summary Pseudocalanus is typical of most crustaceans in that after hatching at an early stage of development it adds successively new segments and appendages. Pseudocalanus hatches as a nauplius, which is the most immature larval form among the arthropods. Respiration of Pseudocalanus has been quite extensively documented, generally as one of a number of forms in comparative studies. Respiration is measured as oxygen consumption. Even if morphological differences among geographically isolated populations of Pseudocalanus are elusive, physiological differences occur that may signify reproductive isolation. In recent years, a novel source of variations within and between populations of Pseudocalanus has been discovered. McLaren described a large form of Pseudocalanus that coexists with a more abundant small form in Ogac Lake, a partially landlocked fiord on Baffin Island, northern Canada. The small form was believed to be the same as the widespread Pseudoealanus of waters outside the fiord, the size of which had been reduced inside the fiord by elevated temperatures. In considering the limits of the range of Pseudocalanus, Sewell cites records from as far south as Chesapeake Bay in the eastern U.S.A., from the North Atlantic Drift south of Iceland, from European waters as far south as Portugal, and from the Mediterranean. In the North Pacific, he records it south to Japan and Vancouver Island.
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TL;DR: The Model I linear regression theory is often used in the analysis of data under conditions when the Model II theory is clearly needed, and is probably needed in theAnalysis of most field data, since the X variable in field data is rarely under the control of the investigator.
Abstract: The Model I linear regression theory is often used in the analysis of data under conditions when the Model II theory is clearly needed. Implications derived from the use of the two theories can differ greatly when there is not a high degree of correlation between the X and Y variables. The geometric mean Model II method is easy to use, and is probably needed in the analysis of most field data, since the X variable in field data is rarely under the control of the investigator.
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TL;DR: Many poikilothermal animals exhibit in their metabolism or activity some degree of independence of their temperature, but in the general case this is regarded as reflecting a compensation rather than a fundamental insensitivity of metabolism or the rate functions measured.
Abstract: SUMMARY
Many poikilothermal animals exhibit in their metabolism or activity some degree of independence of their temperature. In the general case this is regarded as reflecting a compensation rather than a fundamental insensitivity of metabolism or the rate functions measured.
Illustrative cases are assembled including the following: (1) latitudinally separated populations of the same species and of different species which show adaptation in some rate function, often far from complete but sometimes apparently complete, those from higher latitudes having higher rates at given temperatures. (2) Micro-geographic adaptation has been discovered in intertidal molluscs, comparing low-tide level with mid-tide level individuals of the same species; heart rates at a given temperature are higher in those from the cooler habitat. (3) Seasonal shift of various rate processes in a homoeostatic direction is likewise documented, as is (4) experimental acclimation, regarded as evidence of normal, shorter term regulations accompanying periods of unseasonable weather. (5) A number of cases show the phenomenon of rapid compensation, completed in hours or minutes and often sensibly perfect. Even when not perfect, many organisms show in one way or another that they do not submit passively to different temperatures.
A number of exceptions are listed which show that the ability to compensate is far from universal. However, the same species may sometimes compensate in other rate functions.
The mechanism and properties of compensation are discussed. It is concluded that even in the same organism there are several simultaneous mechanisms with different time courses and at different levels, involving enzymes, cells, organs and behaviour. The activity of several enzymes alters, as tested in homogenates from acclimated animals, but other enzymes show no change. The limiting factor in the use of temperature-compensating mechanisms for overcoming temperature barriers to distribution is presumed to be such failure to balance the regulation of different processes.
It is considered likely that at least in certain cases regulation may depend on specialized receptors for temperature. It is shown that non-adapting, absolute temperature sense organs, such as are necessary, occur in various groups of poikilo-therms, though it cannot be said that they function in acclimation.
Acclimation is manifested by a change in the acutely* measured rate-temperature (R-T) curve in any of several ways. Commonly there is something more than a shift of the curve along the temperature axis; some upward shift as well, or a flattening of the slope, accompanies cold adaptation.
The facts at hand do not permit a simple statement as to the relative importance among eurythermal species of genetically determined adaptability within a genotype and of temperature races. Both clearly exist.
Some species are at first hyper-responsive to temperature change, settling down to a steady rate after some hours, others are initially under-responsive. Neglect of this short-term time factor vitiates many comparisons between R-T curves taken during dissimilar phases of response to changes.
The wide distribution and demonstrated natural occurrence of acclimation and related rate compensations for temperature bespeak a large-scale role in ecology and evolution.
It is a pleasure to acknowledge the inspiration and stimulus as well as much critical thinking due to my collaborators, in particular Drs John L. Roberts, K. Pampapathi Rao, Paul A. Dehnel and Earl Segal, who themselves have contributed the original work from this laboratory.
616 citations
"Relationship between respiration ra..." refers background or methods or result in this paper
...They compared the MT (metabolism-temperature) curves from the organisms distributed in different latitudes (refer to Scholander et al., 1953; Bullock, 1955; Prosser, 1955, 1961b)....
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..., 1953; Bullock, 1955; Prosser, 1955, 1961b). The results of Scholander et al. (1953) in particular showed on tropical (30°0) and arctic (0°0) aquatic poikilotherms (fishes and crustaceans) that the regression lines between log total respiration rate and log wet weight on fishes and crustaceans had the same slope (0....
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..., Small, Hebard & McIntire, 1966; Haq, 1967; Paranjape, 1967; Comita, 1968; in the Table 7) cannot be compared easily with the present results, because in a given species the Q10 for respiration rate varies with body size and with the habitat temperature to which the animals are adapted (Rao & Bullock, 1954), and the speed of temperature change and the length of time spent at a new temperature affect the Q10 also (Bullock, 1955)....
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...The present regression equations for boreal and tropical species differ fairly from each comparable equations made by Conover (1960) and Rajagopal (1962) respectively....
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