Relationship between seasonal cambial activity, development of xylem and phenology in Azadirachta indica growing in different forests of Gujarat State

doi:10.1051/FOREST:2001156

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Relationship between seasonal cambial activity, development of xylem and phenology in Azadirachta indica growing in different forests of Gujarat State

Journal Article•DOI•

Relationship between seasonal cambial activity, development of xylem and phenology in Azadirachta indica growing in different forests of Gujarat State

K. S. Rao¹, Kishore S. Rajput²•Institutions (2)

Sardar Patel University¹, Christ University²

01 Aug 2001-Annals of Forest Science (EDP Sciences)-Vol. 58, Iss: 6, pp 691-698

TL;DR: Seasonal cycle of cambial activity was compared among the trees of Azadirachta indica growing in Moist Deciduous (MDF), Dry Decidulent (DDF) and Scrub land Forest (SF) of Gujarat State and vascular cambium was discussed in relation to phenology and local climatic conditions.

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Abstract: Seasonal cycle of cambial activity was compared among the trees of Azadirachta indica growing in Moist Deciduous (MDF), Dry Deciduous (DDF) and Scrub land Forest (SF) of Gujarat State. Radial growth occurred in two growth flushes in MDF and DDF. Cambial cell divisions in MDF started in February and June resulting maximal radial growth in August-September when the rains were heavy and ceased in January and May during the drier part of the year. In DDF the first flush of growth commenced in January with maximal xylem development in April and ceased in May. The second flush of cambial activity began in June with the arrival of rains, reached peak in October and ceased in December. Cambium was active throughout the year in SF and attained its peak activity thrice i.e. in February, July and October. With complete maturation of leaves in November, the cell divisions were rather slow in MDF and SF whereas no divisions were encountered in DDF. Cambial rays exhibited large intercellular spaces during drier months in all the three fo- rests. Seasonal behavior of vascular cambium was discussed in relation to phenology and local climatic conditions.

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Journal Article•DOI•

Seasonal development of secondary xylem and phloem in Schizolobium parahyba (Vell.) Blake (Leguminosae : Caesalpinioideae)

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Carmen Regina Marcati¹, Camilla Rozindo Dias Milanez¹, Silvia Rodrigues Machado¹•Institutions (1)

Sao Paulo State University¹

01 Feb 2008-Trees-structure and Function

TL;DR: The relationship between seasonal cambial activity, xylem and phloem development, and phenology in Schizolobium parahyba, a fast growing semideciduous seasonal forest tree from southeastern Brazil, is described.

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Abstract: The cambial activity and periodicity of secondary xylem and phloem formation have been less studied in tropical tree species than in temperate ones. This paper describes the relationship between seasonal cambial activity, xylem and phloem development, and phenology in Schizolobium parahyba, a fast growing semideciduous seasonal forest tree from southeastern Brazil. From 2002 to 2003, wood samples were collected periodically and phenology and climate were recorded monthly in the same period. S. parahyba forms annual growth increments in wood, delimited by narrow initial parenchyma bands. The reduction of the cambial activity to a minimum correlates to the dry season and leaf fall. The higher cambial activity correlates to the wet season and the presence of mature leaves. In phloem, a larger conductive region was observed in the wet season, when the trees were in full foliage. The secondary phloem did not exhibit any incremental zone marker; however, we found that the axial parenchyma tends to form irregular bands.

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72 citations

Cites background from "Relationship between seasonal cambi..."

...…1980a, b; Dave and Rao 1982; Deshpande and Rajendrababu 1985; Ajmal and Iqbal 1987; Iqbal and Ghouse 1987; Venugopal and Krishnamurthy 1987; Rajput and Rao 1998; Rao and Rajput 1999, 2000, 2001; Rajput and Rao 2001; Venugopal and Liangkuwang 2007), but are relatively scarce for Brazilian species....
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PART OF A HIGHLIGHT ON TREE BIOLOGY Fluctuations of cambial activity in relation to precipitation result in annual rings and intra-annual growth zones of xylem and phloem in teak (Tectona grandis) in Ivory Coast

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Agathe Die, Peter Kitin¹, Kouame, Jan Van den Bulcke, Joris Van Acker, Hans Beeckman - Show less +2 more•Institutions (1)

University of Wisconsin-Madison¹

01 Jan 2012

TL;DR: The seasonal formation pattern and microstructure of teak xylem suggest that AXGRs and XGZs can be used as proxies for analyses of the tree history and climate at annual and intra-annual resolution.

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Abstract: s. Birmensdorf: Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL. Hacke UG, Sperry JS, Pockman WT, Davis SD, MFCulloh KA. 2001. Trends in wood density and structure are linked to prevention of xylem implosion by negative pressure. Oecologia 126: 457–461. IAWA (International Association of Wood Anatomists) Committee. 1989. IAWA list of microscopic features for hardwood identification. IAWA Bulletin, New Series 10: 219 – 329. Jacoby GC, D’Arrigo RD. 1990. Teak (Tectona grandis L.f.), a tropical species of large-scale dendroclimatic potential. Dendrochronologia 8:

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51 citations

Cites background from "Relationship between seasonal cambi..."

...Similar phloem differentiation patterns in relation to the phenology were reported for other tropical species in seasonal climates (Rao and Rajput, 2001; Marcati et al., 2008)....
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...…of the climate have been reported for a number of tropical species in Asia and America (Venugopal and Krishnamurthy, 1987a, b; Fujii et al., 1999; Rao and Rajput, 2001; Worbes, 2002; Yáñez-Espinosa et al., 2006; Venugopal and Liangkuwang 2007; Marcati et al., 2006, 2008) as well as in Africa…...
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Journal Article•DOI•

Fluctuations of cambial activity in relation to precipitation result in annual rings and intra-annual growth zones of xylem and phloem in teak (Tectona grandis) in Ivory Coast

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Agathe Die¹, Peter Kitin², Peter Kitin³, François N'Guessan Kouamé, Jan Van den Bulcke¹, Joris Van Acker¹, Hans Beeckman² - Show less +3 more•Institutions (3)

Ghent University¹, Royal Museum for Central Africa², United States Department of Agriculture³

01 Sep 2012-Annals of Botany

TL;DR: In this article, the structural variations of tree rings and their periodicity of formation are known, which can be used to carry carbon sequestration and climate information in the tropics.

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Abstract: Background and Aims Teak forms xylem rings that potentially carry records of carbon sequestration and climate in the tropics. These records are only useful when the structural variations of tree rings and their periodicity of formation are known.

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45 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Cambial activity and annual rhythm of xylem production of elephant apple tree (Dillenia indica Linn.) in relation to phenology and climatic factor growing in sub-tropical wet forest of northeast India

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N. Venugopal¹, M. G. Liangkuwang¹•Institutions (1)

North Eastern Hill University¹

14 Nov 2006-Trees-structure and Function

TL;DR: It was evident that the monthly mean minimum temperature plays an important role for the cambial activity and xylem production rather than influence by rainfall and relative humidity in D. indica L. (Dilleniaceae) growing in sub-tropical wet forest of Meghalaya state, India.

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Abstract: The interrelationship between phenological events, climatic factors, periodicity of cambial activity and seasonal production of xylem was examined in Dillenia indica L. (Dilleniaceae) growing in sub-tropical wet forest of Meghalaya state, India. The reactivation of cambial activity was seen in the first week of May, 15 days after sprouting of new leaves and buds. The activity of cambium and xylem production gradually declined toward December and ceased from January to April end. There was correlation between leaf fall and cambial dormancy. It was evident from the correlation and regression analysis, the relationship between cambial activity, xylem production with climatic factors, the monthly mean minimum temperature plays an important role for the cambial activity and xylem production rather than influence by rainfall and relative humidity in D. indica L. The data were discussed in the light of cambial activity, xylem production and phenological events.

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44 citations

Cites background from "Relationship between seasonal cambi..."

...…1939, 1940, 1941; Koriba 1958; de Alvim 1964; Fahn et al. 1968; Amobi 1974; Ghouse and Hashmi 1978; Denne and Dodds 1981; Dave and Rao 1982; Venugopal 1986; Venugopal and Krishnamurthy 1987; Creber and Chaloner 1990; Larson 1994; Priya and Bhat 1999; Borchert 1999; Rao and Rajput 2001a, b)....
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...…phenology have been studied in Azardiracta indica L. (Meliaceae) (Rao and Rajput 2001a, b); Tectona grandis L.f (Berlage 1931; Rao and Dave 1981; Venugopal and Krishnamurthy 1987; Rao and Rajput 2001a, b, 1999; Priya and Bhatt 1999); Acacia nilotica (L.) Del., Albizzia lebbeck Benth....
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...Cambial activity, development of xylem Springer and phenology have been studied in Azardiracta indica L. (Meliaceae) (Rao and Rajput 2001a, b); Tectona grandis L.f (Berlage 1931; Rao and Dave 1981; Venugopal and Krishnamurthy 1987; Rao and Rajput 2001a, b, 1999; Priya and Bhatt 1999); Acacia…...
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...Rainfall probably is an important factor only in the regions where the soil moisture content is dependent on rainfall (Rao and Rajput 2000, 2001a, b)....
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...(Anacardiaceae) (Fahn and Werker 1990), as well as the tropical species Tectona grandis L.f (Rao and Dave 1981; Venugopal and Krishnamurthy 1987; Priya and Bhat 1999; Rao and Rajput 2001a, b)....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Successive cambia development in Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh. is not climatically driven in the seasonal climate at Gazi Bay, Kenya

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Nele Schmitz¹, Nele Schmitz², Anouk Verheyden³, Anouk Verheyden², James Gitundu Kairo, Hans Beeckman², Nico Koedam¹ - Show less +3 more•Institutions (3)

Vrije Universiteit Brussel¹, Royal Museum for Central Africa², Community College of Philadelphia³

06 Sep 2007-Dendrochronologia

TL;DR: It is concluded that classical dendrochronological methods (ring width measurements) should not be applied to A. marina (from Kenya) and more than one cambium was found to be simultaneously active.

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Abstract: This study is intended to provide early access to recent findings on the formation of the successive cambia of Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh. in Kenya. The non-annual character of the growth layers was demonstrated by using three trees from a cambial marking experiment and three trees from a plantation of known age. The respective number of growth layers produced during one year was on average a half and three. Considering 28 stem disks of trees at three study sites, differing in local site conditions, growth layer development was shown to be strongly correlated with stem diameter (R2=0.84, p

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42 citations

Cites background from "Relationship between seasonal cambi..."

...was mentioned to be determined by endogenous as well as some external factors like water supply and temperature (Rao and Rajput, 2001)....
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...This is consistent with the frequent observation of a continuous cambial activity in tropical trees (see Sass et al., 1995; Rao and Rajput, 2001; Verheyden et al., 2004b)....
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...Likewise, the regulation of the cambial activity in Azadirachta indica A. Juss. was mentioned to be determined by endogenous as well as some external factors like water supply and temperature (Rao and Rajput, 2001)....
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Abstract: Plant physiology is the scientific study of how plants grow and respond to environmental factors and cultural treatments in terms of their physiological processes and conditions. This book aims to explain how physiological processes (such as photosynthesis, respiration, transpiration, carbohydrate, nitrogen and mineral relations) are involved in the growth of woody plants and how they are affected by the environment, in addition to explaining the mechanisms of the processes themselves.

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"Relationship between seasonal cambi..." refers methods in this paper

...The blocks measuring about 60 × 20 mm were excised with the help of hammer, chisel and grafting knife and fixed immediately in FAA [4]....
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...The blocks measuring about 60× 20 mm were excised with the help of hammer, chisel and grafting knife and fixed immediately in FAA [4]....
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A theory for Mediterranean plant life [evergreen sclerophyllous shrubs, climatic stresses, Mediterranean climate]

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"Relationship between seasonal cambi..." refers background in this paper

...Similarly in mediterranean climate dry and warmer summer inhibits the growth leading to cambial rest [16, 18, 20]....
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Journal Article•DOI•

A staining combination for phloem and contiguous tissues.

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Vernon I. Cheadle, Ernest M. Gifford, Katherine Esau

01 Mar 1953-Biotechnic & Histochemistry

TL;DR: The technic has been successful with sections from 5 to 40μ in thickness, and the staining has been satisfactory for ...

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Abstract: A technic is described for producing critically stained preparations of phloem tissue. The preparations promise to be relatively stable. Sections of fixed unembedded or of embedded (paraffin or celloidin) phloem, cambium, and xylem are (1) stained in Foster's tannic acid-ferric chloride combination; (2) treated with 1% NaHCOg in 25% or 50% ethyl alcohol for 30 minutes; (3) stained in a saturated solution of lacmoid (made alkaline by adding a few ml. of 1% NaHCO3 in 25% alcohol) for 12 to 18 hours; (4) dehydrated and cleared in a series composed of 1% solution of NaHCOs in 50% ethyl alcohol, 80%, 95%, and absolute alcohol, equal proportions of absolute alcohol, clove oil, and xylene, and finally pure xylene; and (5) mounted in a neutral resin. Callose and lignified secondary walls are blue or blue-green in color, cellulose walls and stainable protoplasmic contents are generally light brown. The technic has been successful with sections from 5 to 40μ in thickness, and the staining has been satisfactory for ...

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163 citations

"Relationship between seasonal cambi..." refers methods in this paper

...After staining with tannic acid-ferric chloride-lacmoid combination [6], sections were mounted in DPX after passing through ethanol-xylene series....
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