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Relationship of smartphone use severity with sleep quality, depression, and anxiety in university students.

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TLDR
The results indicate that depression, anxiety, and sleep quality may be associated with smartphone overuse, which may lead to depression and/or anxiety, which can in turn result in sleep problems.
Abstract
Background and aims The usage of smartphones has increased rapidly in recent years, and this has brought about addiction. The aim of the current study was to investigate the relationship between smartphone use severity and sleep quality, depression, and anxiety in university students. Methods In total, 319 university students (203 females and 116 males; mean age = 20.5 ± 2.45) were included in the study. Participants were divided into the following three groups: a smartphone non-user group (n = 71, 22.3%), a low smartphone use group (n = 121, 37.9%), and a high smartphone use group (n = 127, 39.8%). All participants were evaluated using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory; moreover, participants other than those in the smartphone non-user group were also assessed with the Smartphone Addiction Scale. Results The findings revealed that the Smartphone Addiction Scale scores of females were significantly higher than those of males. Depression, anxiety, and day...

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Journal ArticleDOI

Problematic smartphone use: A conceptual overview and systematic review of relations with anxiety and depression psychopathology.

TL;DR: A systematic review of the relationship between problematic use with psychopathology and the severity of psychopathology found depression severity was consistently related to problematic smartphone use, demonstrating at least medium effect sizes.
Journal ArticleDOI

Fear of missing out, need for touch, anxiety and depression are related to problematic smartphone use

TL;DR: The importance of social and tactile need fulfillment variables such as FoMO and need for touch as critical mechanisms that can explain problematic smartphone use and its association with depression and anxiety is demonstrated.
Journal ArticleDOI

Is smartphone addiction really an addiction

TL;DR: It is recommended that problematic technology use is to be studied in its sociocultural context with an increased focus on its compensatory functions, motivations, and gratifications and moving away from the addiction framework when studying technological behaviors and using other terms such as “problematic use” to describe them.
Journal ArticleDOI

Smartphone use and smartphone addiction in middle school students in Korea: Prevalence, social networking service, and game use.

TL;DR: The two groups showed significant differences in smartphone use duration, awareness of game overuse, and purposes of playing games, and the predictive factors of smartphone addiction were daily smartphone and social networking service use duration and the awareness ofgame overuse.
Journal ArticleDOI

Depression, anxiety, and smartphone addiction in university students- A cross sectional study

TL;DR: It could be that young adults with personality type A experiencing high stress level and low mood may lack positive stress coping mechanisms and mood management techniques and are thus highly susceptible to smartphone addiction.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

An inventory for measuring depression

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Journal ArticleDOI

The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: A new instrument for psychiatric practice and research.

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Journal ArticleDOI

On the Practice of Dichotomization of Quantitative Variables

TL;DR: The authors present the case that dichotomization is rarely defensible and often will yield misleading results.
Journal ArticleDOI

The cost of dichotomising continuous variables

TL;DR: The impact of converting continuous data to two groups (dichotomising) is considered, as this is the most common approach in clinical research.
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