Remediation technologies for heavy metal contaminated groundwater.
01 Oct 2011-Journal of Environmental Management (Academic Press Inc.)-Vol. 92, Iss: 10, pp 2355-2388
TL;DR: Thirty five approaches for groundwater treatment have been reviewed and classified under three large categories viz chemical, biochemical/biological/biosorption and physico-chemical treatment processes for a better understanding of each category.
About: This article is published in Journal of Environmental Management.The article was published on 2011-10-01. It has received 758 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Environmental remediation & Groundwater pollution.
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01 Feb 2009
TL;DR: eMedicine创建于1996年，由近万名临床医师作为作者或编辑参与此临校医学知识库。
Abstract: eMedicine创建于1996年，由近万名临床医师作为作者或编辑参与此临床医学知识库的建设，其中编辑均是来自美国哈佛、耶鲁、斯坦福、芝加哥、德克萨斯、加州大学等各分校医学院的教授或副教授。
1,459 citations
TL;DR: An overview of the recent advances of ZVI and progress obtained during the groundwater remediation and wastewater treatment utilizing ZVI (including nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI)) for the removal of contaminants.
1,273 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors provide a sketch about treatment technologies followed by their heavy metal capture capacity from industrial effluent, the treatment performance, their remediation capacity and probable environmental and health impacts were deliberated in this review article.
Abstract: The controversy related to the environment pollution is increasing in human life and in the eco-system. Especially, the water pollution is growing rapidly due to the wastewater discharge from the industries. The only way to find the new water resource is the reuse of treated wastewater. Several remediation technologies are available which provides a convenience to reuse the reclaimed wastewater. Heavy metals like Zn, Cu, Pb, Ni, Cd, Hg, etc. contributes various environmental problems based on their toxicity. These toxic metals are exposed to human and environment, the accumulation of ions takes place which causes serious health and environmental hazards. Hence, it is a major concern in the environment. Due to this concern, the significance of developing technology for removing heavy metals has been increased. This paper contributes the outline of new literature with two objectives. First, it provides the sketch about treatment technologies followed by their heavy metal capture capacity from industrial effluent. The treatment performance, their remediation capacity and probable environmental and health impacts were deliberated in this review article. Conclusively, this review paper furnishes the information about the important methods incorporated in lab scale studies which are required to identify the feasible and convenient wastewater treatment. Moreover, attempts have been made to confer the emphasis on sequestration of heavy metals from industrial effluent and establish the scientific background for reducing the discharge of heavy metals into the environment.
1,040 citations
Cites background from "Remediation technologies for heavy ..."
...In order to form metal precipitation, chemicals are added to the solution that alters the pH and cannot allow the precipitate to dissolve in the solution [131]....
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TL;DR: This review will first introduce the major foulants and the principal mechanisms of membrane fouling, and then highlight the development, current status and future prospects of antifouling membranes, including ant ifouling strategies, preparation techniques and practical applications.
Abstract: One of the greatest challenges to the sustainability of modern society is an inadequate supply of clean water. Due to its energy-saving and cost-effective features, membrane technology has become an indispensable platform technology for water purification, including seawater and brackish water desalination as well as municipal or industrial wastewater treatment. However, membrane fouling, which arises from the nonspecific interaction between membrane surface and foulants, significantly impedes the efficient application of membrane technology. Preparing antifouling membranes is a fundamental strategy to deal with pervasive fouling problems from a variety of foulants. In recent years, major advancements have been made in membrane preparation techniques and in elucidating the antifouling mechanisms of membrane processes, including ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, reverse osmosis and forward osmosis. This review will first introduce the major foulants and the principal mechanisms of membrane fouling, and then highlight the development, current status and future prospects of antifouling membranes, including antifouling strategies, preparation techniques and practical applications. In particular, the strategies and mechanisms for antifouling membranes, including passive fouling resistance and fouling release, active off-surface and on-surface strategies, will be proposed and discussed extensively.
904 citations
TL;DR: An extensive review regarding knowledge accumulated over the years and advances achieved in the incorporation of biomolecules in different industries is offered.
Abstract: In the era of global industrialisation, the exploration of natural resources has served as a source of experimentation for science and advanced technologies, giving rise to the manufacturing of products with high aggregate value in the world market, such as biosurfactants. Biosurfactants are amphiphilic microbial molecules with hydrophilic and hydrophobic moieties that partition at liquid/liquid, liquid/gas or liquid/solid interfaces. Such characteristics allow these biomolecules to play a key role in emulsification, foam formation, detergency and dispersal, which are desirable qualities in different industries. Biosurfactant production is considered one of the key technologies for development in the 21st century. Besides exerting a strong positive impact on the main global problems, biosurfactant production has considerable importance to the implantation of sustainable industrial processes, such as the use of renewable resources and “green” products. Biodegradability and low toxicity have led to the intensification of scientific studies on a wide range of industrial applications for biosurfactants in the field of bioremediation as well as the petroleum, food processing, health, chemical, agricultural and cosmetic industries. In this paper, we offer an extensive review regarding knowledge accumulated over the years and advances achieved in the incorporation of biomolecules in different industries.
660 citations
References
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TL;DR: In this paper, an analytical procedure involving sequential chemicai extractions was developed for the partitioning of particulate trace metals (Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, Fe, and Mn) into five fractions: exchangeable, bound to carbonates, binding to Fe-Mn oxides and bound to organic matter.
Abstract: An analytical procedure involving sequential chemicai extractions has been developed for the partitioning of particulate trace metals (Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, Fe, and Mn) into five fractions: exchangeable, bound to carbonates, bound to Fe-Mn oxides, bound to organic matter, and residual. Experimental results obtained on replicate samples of fluvial bottom sediments demonstrate that the relative standard deviation of the sequential extraction procedure Is generally better than =10%. The accuracy, evaluated by comparing total trace metal concentrations with the sum of the five Individual fractions, proved to be satisfactory. Complementary measurements were performed on the Individual leachates, and on the residual sediments following each extraction, to evaluate the selectivity of the various reagents toward specific geochemical phases. An application of the proposed method to river sediments is described, and the resulting trace metal speciation is discussed.
10,518 citations
"Remediation technologies for heavy ..." refers background in this paper
...Through sequential extraction with solutions of increasing strengths, a precise evaluation of different fractions can be obtained (Tessier et al., 1979)....
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TL;DR: It is evident from the literature survey articles that ion-exchange, adsorption and membrane filtration are the most frequently studied for the treatment of heavy metal wastewater.
6,844 citations
"Remediation technologies for heavy ..." refers background in this paper
...Review on heavy metal removal from waste waters is also published recently (Fu and Wang, 2011)....
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TL;DR: The scale of the problem in terms of population exposed to high As concentrations is greatest in the Bengal Basin with more than 40 million people drinking water containing ‘excessive’ As as mentioned in this paper.
6,741 citations
"Remediation technologies for heavy ..." refers background in this paper
...A number of researchers (Mohan and Pittman, 2007; Smedley and Kinniburgh, 2002) have examined As adsorption by Fe oxides, highlighting the tendency of As(III) and As(V) to strongly bind to hydrous Fe oxides as monodentate or bidentate inner-sphere complexes and also the strong geochemical…...
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Book•
25 Sep 2003
TL;DR: In this article, the authors introduce the concept of iron oxides and their properties, including surface chemistry and Colloidal stability, as well as their properties in terms of surface area and porosity.
Abstract: 1. Introduction to the Iron Oxides. 2. Crystal Structure. 3. Cation Substitution. 4. Crystal Morphology and Size. 5. Surface Area and Porosity. 6. Electronic, Electrical and Magnetic Properties. 7. Characterization. 8. Thermodynamics. 9. Solubility. 10. Surface Chemistry and Colloidal Stability. 11. Adsorption of Ions and Molecules. 12. Dissolution. 13. Formation. 14. Transformations. 15. Rocks and Ores. 16. Soils. 17. Organisms. 18. Products of Iron Metal Corrosion. 19. Applications. 20. Synthesis. 21. Environmental Significance. References. Subject Index. Sources of Figures and Tables.
5,156 citations
"Remediation technologies for heavy ..." refers background in this paper
...Amorphous Fe(III) hydroxide was shown to be an effective sorbent for both anions and cations (Cornell and Schwertmann, 2003)....
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Book•
01 Jan 1993
TL;DR: An Introduction to Environmental Organic Chemicals is given in this article, where the authors present an overview of the main steps in the development of these processes, including the following: Sorption I: General Introduction and Sorption Processes Involving Organic Matter. Sorption II: Partitioning to Living Media - Bioaccumulation and Baseline Toxicity.
Abstract: Preface. Part I: Introduction. 1. General Topic and Overview. 2. An Introduction to Environmental Organic Chemicals. Part II: Equilibrium Partitioning Between Gaseous, Liquid, and Solid Phases. 3. Partitioning: Molecular Interactions and Thermodynamics. 4. Vapor Pressure. 5. Activity Coefficient and Solubility in Water. 6. Air-Organic Solvent and Air-Water Partitioning. 7. Organic Liquid-Water Partitioning. 8. Organic Acids and Bases: Acidity Constant and Partitioning Behavior. 9. Sorption I: General Introduction and Sorption Processes Involving Organic Matter. 10. Sorption II: Partitioning to Living Media - Bioaccumulation and Baseline Toxicity. 11. Sorption III: Sorption Processes Involving Inorganic Surfaces. Part III: Transformation Processes. 12. Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Transformation Reactions. 13. Chemical Transformations I: Hydrolysis and Reactions Involving Other Nucleophilic Species. 14. Chemical Transformations II: Redox Reactions. 15. Direct Photolysis. 16. Indirect Photolysis: Reactions with Photooxidants in Natural Waters and in the Atmosphere. 17. Biological Transformations. Part IV: Modeling Tools: Transport and Reaction. 18. Transport by Random Motion. 19. Transport Through Boundaries. 20. Air-Water Exchange. 21. Box Models. 22. Models in Space and Time. Part V: Environmental Systems and Case Studies. 23. Ponds, Lakes, and Oceans. 24. Rivers. 25. Groundwater. Appendix. Bibliography. Index (Subject Index, Compound Index, List of Illustrative Examples).
4,403 citations
"Remediation technologies for heavy ..." refers background in this paper
...…migrating through an installed reactive wall can be passively fixed in-situ by sorption onto the reactive materials contained in the treatment wall via ion exchange, surface complexation, surface precipitation or hydrophobic partitioning (Dzombak and Morel, 1990; Schwarzenbach et al., 1993)....
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