Removal of oil from seawater using charcoal and rice hull
01 Nov 2017-Vol. 263, Iss: 3, pp 032007
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of bed height with respect to removal efficiency was studied, and the results showed that with an increase in bed height, removal efficiency increases too, and that as the adsorbent amount and contact time are increased, oil removal is enhanced.
Abstract: Adsorption has been implemented to remove oil from sea water, because it is very efficient and can ensure purification to any required level in the case of multi-step arrangement of the process. Oil was expelled from seawater in a clump procedure using 2 different natural adsorbents which are charcoal and rice hull. Samples collected after adsorption were characterized using UV Spectroscopy and subsequently, the adsorption capacity of crude oil was studied. The outcome of contact time and adsorbent dosage were studies concerning their impact on removal of oil. It was seen that as the adsorbent amount and contact time are increased, oil removal is enhanced. Charcoal was proven to be the most efficient adsorbent with removal efficiency of 99.67% followed by rice hull. After performing batch experiments, continuous adsorption in an adsorption column was also accomplished for the two of most efficient adsorbents after including beef tallow as our third adsorbent in discussion. Effect of bed height with respect to removal efficiency was studied here. The result showed that with increase in bed height, removal efficiency increases too. Adsorption isotherms of oil on adsorbents were determined and correlated with the usual isotherm equations such as Langmuir and Freundlich. The Freundlich adsorption isotherm model was found to correlate the adsorption equilibrium data better than the Langmuir model.
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TL;DR: The obtained results showed successful incorporation of MnFe2O4 into graphite sheets and no considerable change on the worm-like structure of EG, which provides a potential and promising platform with high performance for oil spill removal.
Abstract: Recently, many methods have been developed to efficiently eliminate oil spills due to its long-term harmful effects on marine life and human health. Expanded graphite (EG) has been considered as an excellent platform to remove contaminated oil from aqueous solution through a facile adsorption route. As an innovative approach, the decoration of magnetic components, namely, MnFe2O4, into graphite layers was taken into account for facilitating phase separation under magnetic field which resulted into an easy collection of the used adsorbents in a large scale. The expanded graphite/manganese ferrite composites were prepared from Vietnamese graphite flakes via a two-stage process. Characterization was performed using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray Powder Diffraction (XRD), Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM), Energy-Dispersive X-ray (EDS), and nitrogen adsorption/desorption analysis. The adsorption behavior of EG-MnFe2O4 for widespread used heavy oils, including diesel oil and crude oil, was investigated under the effects of adsorption conditions, i.e., contact time, loaded oil dosage, and salinity of mixing oil and water. The obtained results showed successful incorporation of MnFe2O4 into graphite sheets and no considerable change on the worm-like structure of EG. The results also showed that incorporated manganese ferrites enhanced the magnetism EG up to 16 emu/g, which made the recovery of used adsorbent conveniently. The EG-MnFe2O4 adsorbents exhibited the strong adsorption ability toward diesel oil (32.20 ± 0.46 g DO/g EG) and crude oil (33.07 ± 0.33 g CO/g EG). In brief, EG-MnFe2O4 material provides a potential and promising platform with high performance for oil spill removal.
17 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compared the treatability of three different types of nanoparticles (MCM-41, MWCNT and BaFe2O4) to remove oil content from real oily wastewater discharged from refinery process under the effect of the operational variables which are the dose of the effective NPs (0.025-0.10 g), agitation speed (100-250 rpm), and the contact time (5-120 min).
Abstract: Huge amount of oily wastewater is annually discharged from several activities such as oil refineries, chemical and petrochemical industries. Several methods are employed for the treatment of oily wastewater including physical, chemical, and biological techniques in order to minimize the harmful impacts before being reused. The present study compares the treatability among three different types of nanoparticles NPs (MCM-41, MWCNT and BaFe2O4) to remove oil content from real oily wastewater discharged from refinery process under the effect of the operational variables which are the dose of the effective NPs (0.025-0.10 g), agitation speed (100-250 rpm), and the contact time (5-120 min) using batch-scale. RSM design method and Minitab program were performed to design the experiments and to estimate the mathematical correlations and the optimum values of the operational variables. Various devices were employed to test the properties of nanoparticles such as X-ray diffraction, SEM and FTIR. The results revealed that the (MCM-41) type possesses the higher treatability in comparison to other types. Moreover, the Langmuir isotherm gives a better fit than the Freundlich isotherm model. The optimum values of the operational parameters obtained were 0.063g, 162rpm and 120min for the dosage of MCM-41 NPs, agitation speed and the contact time respectively. The oil content removal efficiency at these conditions of the optimum values was 98.3% as observed which proofs the treatability of MCM-41 NPs in case of real oily wastewater.
12 citations
TL;DR: It is highlighted that some agricultural and forest residues could be a promising source of low-cost biosorbents for oil contaminants from water—without requiring additional processing such as carbonization.
Abstract: Fruit shell residue from Xanthoceras sorbifolia was investigated as a potential biosorbent to remove crude oil from aqueous solution. The shell powder and its carbonized material were compared while assessing various factors that influenced oil removal capacity. The structure and sorption mechanism were characterized using scanning electron microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The oil removal capacity of the raw material (75.1 mg g−1) was better than the carbonized material (49.5 mg g−1). The oil removal capacity increased with greater saponin content, indicating that hydrophobic and lipophilic surface characteristics of the saponins improved adsorption by the raw X. sorbifolia shell. An orthogonal experimental design was used to optimize the adsorption. Using 4 g L−1 of raw X. sorbifolia shell (particle size of < 0.15 mm), the highest crude oil removal efficiency was obtained using an initial oil concentration of 400 mg L−1, adsorption temperature of 30 °C, adsorption time of 10 min at a shaking speed of 150 rpm. The adsorption of crude oil onto X. sorbifolia shell was best described using a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Raw X. sorbifolia shell material was more efficient than the carbonized material at crude oil removal from aqueous solution. This was attributable to the functional groups of saponins in raw X. sorbifolia shell. This study highlights that some agricultural and forest residues could be a promising source of low-cost biosorbents for oil contaminants from water—without requiring additional processing such as carbonization.
8 citations
1 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of initial dye concentration, pH, adsorbent dosage, particle size and temperature are illustrated through examples from the last five years (2017-2021) of research.
Abstract: The primary, most obvious parameter indicating water quality is the color of the water. Not only can it be aesthetically disturbing, but it can also be an indicator of contamination. Clean, high-quality water is a valuable, essential asset. Of the available technologies for removing dyes, adsorption is the most used method due to its ease of use, cost-effectiveness, and high efficiency. The adsorption process is influenced by several parameters, which are the basis of all laboratories researching the optimum conditions. The main objective of this review is to provide up-to-date information on the most studied influencing factors. The effects of initial dye concentration, pH, adsorbent dosage, particle size and temperature are illustrated through examples from the last five years (2017–2021) of research. Moreover, general trends are drawn based on these findings. The removal time ranged from 5 min to 36 h (E = 100% was achieved within 5–60 min). In addition, nearly 80% efficiency can be achieved with just 0.05 g of adsorbent. It is important to reduce adsorbent particle size (with Φ decrease E = 8–99%). Among the dyes analyzed in this paper, Methylene Blue, Congo Red, Malachite Green, Crystal Violet were the most frequently studied. Our conclusions are based on previously published literature.
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References
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TL;DR: It can be concluded that the sawdust of walnut could be a good adsorbent for the metal ions from aqueous solutions.
Abstract: The adsorption of lead, cadmium and nicel from aqueous solution by sawdust of walnut was investigated. The effect of contact time, initial metal ion concentration and temperature on metal ions removal has been studied. The equilibrium time was found to be of the order of 60 min. Kinetics fit pseudo first-order, second-order and intraparticle diffusion models, hence adsorption rate constants were calculated. The adsorption data of metal ions at temperatures of 25, 45 and 60°C have been described by the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models. The thermodynamic parameters such as energy, entropy and enthalpy changes for the adsorption of heavy metal ions have also been computed and discussed. Ion exchange is probably one of the major adsorption mechanisms for binding divalent metal ions to the walnut sawdust. The selectivity order of the adsorbent is Pb(II)≈Cd(II)>Ni(II). From these results, it can be concluded that the sawdust of walnut could be a good adsorbent for the metal ions from aqueous solutions.
481 citations
TL;DR: Chitosan showed the best removal compared to the other adsorbents for all the parameters studied as discussed by the authors, and it could successfully remove 99% of residual oil and minimize the suspended solid content to a value of 25 mg/l.
206 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the removal of oil from oil-water emulsions by adsorption on bentonite, powdered activated carbon (PAC) and deposited carbon (DC).
206 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the equilibrium adsorption level was determined as a function of the solution pH, temperature, contact time, adsorbent dose and the initial adsorbate concentration and the optimum conditions for the removal of phenol were worked out along with the kinetics of the process.
63 citations
17 Aug 2015
TL;DR: In this article, the use of low-cost locally available adsorbent, sawdust for the removal of methylene blue (MB) dye in a batch adsorber system has been investigated.
Abstract: The use of low-cost locally available adsorbent, sawdust for the removal of methylene blue (MB) dye in a batch adsorber system has been investigated. The experimental data fitted best in Langmuir isotherm as compared to Freundlich and Temkin isotherms, showing maximum adsorption capacity of 76.92 mg/g. The study revealed that the adsorption of MB dye onto sawdust follows pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the same has been used in design of a two-stage batch adsorber by minimizing total contact time to attain a fixed percentage of MB dye removal. The minimum contact time required for the removal of MB dye with 99% efficiency has been found as 37.54 min.
27 citations