Research progress on two-dimensional (2D) halide organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites
10 Aug 2021-Sustainable Energy and Fuels (The Royal Society of Chemistry)-Vol. 5, Iss: 16, pp 3950-3978
TL;DR: In this article, a review mainly describes the development and application of 2D perovskites in recent years and discusses the change in their characteristics and performances with a variation in the number of inorganic layers.
Abstract: Since its discovery, perovskite has experienced tremendous development. Furthermore, due to the outstanding stability of two-dimensional (2D) perovskites, they have been attracting increasing attention. A reduction in the dimensions of perovskites and the introduction of long organic chains yield new structures and properties. As an emerging semiconductor material with high stability, 2D perovskites have many applications in the field of optoelectronics. This review mainly describes the development and application of 2D perovskites in recent years. Firstly, we introduce the basic structure and classification of 2D perovskites. Also, we discuss the change in their characteristics and performances with a variation in the number of inorganic layers. Next, 2D perovskites are classified according to their applications in different fields. Finally, a summary and outlook based on the current development trends of 2D perovskites are presented.
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TL;DR: In this article , different 2D and quasi-2D perovskite materials have demonstrated significant improvements in the device stability compared to 3D materials due to their increased hydrophobicity and suppressed ion migration.
Abstract: Abstract Different 2D and quasi-2D perovskite materials have demonstrated significant improvements in the device stability compared to 3D perovskites due to their increased hydrophobicity and suppressed ion migration. However, fundamental investigations of these materials have been scarce and consequently detailed understanding of the processes responsible for experimental phenomena are often lacking despite huge interest in these materials. Even more importantly, there have been a limited number of structure-property studies for different material compositions, and research is generally by trial and error rather than by design. Here we discuss different stability issues in these materials and identify questions which need to be answered to design materials with further stability improvements.
25 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors have given brief insight on structural versatility, synthesis techniques, some of the unique photophysical properties, potential device fabrication, and recent advancements in the 2D structure to stand against degradation.
Abstract: Dimensionality is the game-changer property of a material. The optical and electronic properties of a compound get dramatically influenced by confining dimensions from 3D to 2D. The bulk 3D perovskite materials have shown remarkable up-gradation in the power conversion efficiency, hence grabbing worldwide attention. But instability against moisture, temperature, and ion migration are the factors constantly back-stabbing and hindering from full-scale commercialization. 2D perovskite material has emerged as an excellent bridging entity between structural-chemical stability, and viable commercialization. Organic–inorganic 2D perovskite materials come with a layered structure in which a large organic cation layer as a spacer is sandwiched between two inorganic metal halide octahedra layers. Moreover, hydrophobic spacer cations are employed which isolate inorganic octahedral layers from water molecules. Hydrophobic spacer cations protect the authentic structure from being degraded. These layered structures occur in two phases namely the Ruddlesden–Popper phase and Dion–Jacobson phase, depending on the spacer cation types. Alternating inorganic and organic layers form multiple quantum wells naturally, along with spin–orbit-coupling gives Rashba splitting. 2D perovskite materials are coming up with interesting chemical, physical properties like exciton dynamics, charge carrier transport, and electron–phonon coupling as a result of the quantum confinement effect. Despite appreciable stability, limited charge transport and large bandgap are limiting the application of 2D perovskite materials in solar cells. These limitations can be overcome by using the concept of 2D/3D multidimensional hybrid perovskites, which includes the long-term stability of 2D perovskite and the high performance of 3D perovskite at the same time. Here in this perspective, we have given brief insight on structural versatility, synthesis techniques, some of the unique photophysical properties, potential device fabrication, and recent advancements in the 2D structure to stand against degradation. Certain shortcomings and future outlooks are also discussed to make the perspective more informative.
7 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , a review of the recent progress on OSDs based on metal halide perovskites (MHPs) including the structures and properties of MHPs, and the architectures and performance characteristics of MHP-OSDs are presented.
Abstract: Massive data processing with high computing efficiency and low operating power is required owing to the rapid development of artificial intelligence and information technology. However, the von Neumann structure computing system with the separated memory and processor can cause large energy consumption and a low running speed during massive data processing. Therefore, the brain‐inspired neuromorphic computing system is developed, that can provide hardware support for emulating biological synaptic functions and realizing highly intensive data processing with low power consumption. As a neuromorphic device, the optoelectronic synaptic device (OSD) is regarded as an ideal device to replace the von Neumann‐based computer because of its ultrafast signal transmission, large bandwidth, low energy consumption, and wireless communication. Owing to their unique optoelectronic property, metal halide perovskites (MHPs) have received growing attention as effective photosensitive materials in OSDs. Therefore, the review introduces the recent progress on OSDs based on MHPs (MHPs‐OSDs) including the structures and properties of MHPs, and the architectures and performance characteristics of MHPs‐OSDs. Furthermore, applications of MHPs‐OSDs are presented. Finally, the outlook and opportunity of MHPs‐OSDs are discussed.
7 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the impurity properties of halide perovskites computed using density functional theory (DFT) can be combined with machine learning (ML) to deliver predictive models and quick identification of optoelectronically active impurity atoms.
Abstract: The pressing need for novel materials that can serve rising demands in solar cell and optoelectronic technologies makes the nexus of halide perovskites, high-throughput computations, and machine learning, very promising. Ever increasing amounts of data on the structure, fundamental properties, and device performance of halide perovskites provide opportunities for learning chemical rules and design principles that make these materials attractive, and applying them across wide chemical spaces. In this work, we show that impurity properties of halide perovskites computed using density functional theory (DFT) can be combined with machine learning (ML) to deliver predictive models and quick identification of optoelectronically active impurity atoms. Our computation lead to the largest reported dataset of the formation energies and charge transition levels of Pb-site impurities in methylammonium lead halide ( $$\hbox {MAPbX}_3$$ ) perovskites. Descriptors are defined to uniquely represent any impurity atom in any $$\hbox {MAPbX}_3$$ compound and mapped to the computed impurity properties using regression techniques such as Gaussian process regression, neural networks, and random forests. We use the best optimized predictive models to make predictions for hundreds of impurities across 9 $$\hbox {MAPbX}_3$$ compounds and create lists of dominating impurities, that is, impurities that can shift the equilibrium Fermi level in the perovskite as determined by native point defects. This accelerated screening powered by computations and machine learning can guide the identification of problematic impurities that may cause undesired recombination of charge carriers, as well as impurities that can be deliberately introduced to tune the perovskite conductivity and resulting photovoltaic absorption.
6 citations
01 Jan 2022-Journal of Materials Chemistry C. Materials for Optical, Magnetic and Electronic Devices
TL;DR: Chiral-induced magneto-photoluminescence (magneto-PL) is a newly raised magnetooptical phenomenon, where a photolumine intensity can be effectively manipulated by magnetic fields and material helicity as mentioned in this paper .
Abstract: Chiral-induced magneto-photoluminescence (magneto-PL) is a newly raised magneto-optical phenomenon, where a photoluminescent intensity can be effectively manipulated by magnetic fields and material helicity. By far, little is known regarding the...
2 citations
References
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TL;DR: Two organolead halide perovskite nanocrystals were found to efficiently sensitize TiO(2) for visible-light conversion in photoelectrochemical cells, which exhibit strong band-gap absorptions as semiconductors.
Abstract: Two organolead halide perovskite nanocrystals, CH3NH3PbBr3 and CH3NH3PbI3, were found to efficiently sensitize TiO2 for visible-light conversion in photoelectrochemical cells. When self-assembled on mesoporous TiO2 films, the nanocrystalline perovskites exhibit strong band-gap absorptions as semiconductors. The CH3NH3PbI3-based photocell with spectral sensitivity of up to 800 nm yielded a solar energy conversion efficiency of 3.8%. The CH3NH3PbBr3-based cell showed a high photovoltage of 0.96 V with an external quantum conversion efficiency of 65%.
16,634 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a review describes the rapid progress that has been made in hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells and their applications in the photovoltaic sector.
Abstract: Within the space of a few years, hybrid organic–inorganic perovskite solar cells have emerged as one of the most exciting material platforms in the photovoltaic sector. This review describes the rapid progress that has been made in this area.
5,463 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the triple cation perovskite photovoltaics with inorganic cesium were shown to be thermally more stable, contain less phase impurities and are less sensitive to processing conditions.
Abstract: Today's best perovskite solar cells use a mixture of formamidinium and methylammonium as the monovalent cations. With the addition of inorganic cesium, the resulting triple cation perovskite compositions are thermally more stable, contain less phase impurities and are less sensitive to processing conditions. This enables more reproducible device performances to reach a stabilized power output of 21.1% and ∼18% after 250 hours under operational conditions. These properties are key for the industrialization of perovskite photovoltaics.
3,470 citations
TL;DR: It is shown, using photoluminescence studies, that radiative bimolecular recombination is dominant at higher excitation densities, Hence, the quantum efficiencies of the perovskite light-emitting diodes increase at higher current densities.
Abstract: Solid-state light-emitting devices based on direct-bandgap semiconductors have, over the past two decades, been utilized as energy-efficient sources of lighting. However, fabrication of these devices typically relies on expensive high-temperature and high-vacuum processes, rendering them uneconomical for use in large-area displays. Here, we report high-brightness light-emitting diodes based on solution-processed organometal halide perovskites. We demonstrate electroluminescence in the near-infrared, green and red by tuning the halide compositions in the perovskite. In our infrared device, a thin 15 nm layer of CH3NH3PbI(3-x)Cl(x) perovskite emitter is sandwiched between larger-bandgap titanium dioxide (TiO2) and poly(9,9'-dioctylfluorene) (F8) layers, effectively confining electrons and holes in the perovskite layer for radiative recombination. We report an infrared radiance of 13.2 W sr(-1) m(-2) at a current density of 363 mA cm(-2), with highest external and internal quantum efficiencies of 0.76% and 3.4%, respectively. In our green light-emitting device with an ITO/PEDOT:PSS/CH3NH3PbBr3/F8/Ca/Ag structure, we achieved a luminance of 364 cd m(-2) at a current density of 123 mA cm(-2), giving external and internal quantum efficiencies of 0.1% and 0.4%, respectively. We show, using photoluminescence studies, that radiative bimolecular recombination is dominant at higher excitation densities. Hence, the quantum efficiencies of the perovskite light-emitting diodes increase at higher current densities. This demonstration of effective perovskite electroluminescence offers scope for developing this unique class of materials into efficient and colour-tunable light emitters for low-cost display, lighting and optical communication applications.
3,466 citations
TL;DR: It is revealed that solution-processed organic-inorganic halide perovskites (CH3NH3PbX3), which demonstrated huge potential in photovoltaics, also have promising optical gain and may show electrically driven lasing.
Abstract: Low-temperature solution-processed materials that show optical gain and can be embedded into a wide range of cavity resonators are attractive for the realization of on-chip coherent light sources. Organic semiconductors and colloidal quantum dots are considered the main candidates for this application. However, stumbling blocks in organic lasing include intrinsic losses from bimolecular annihilation and the conflicting requirements of high charge carrier mobility and large stimulated emission; whereas challenges pertaining to Auger losses and charge transport in quantum dots still remain. Herein, we reveal that solution-processed organic-inorganic halide perovskites (CH 3 NH 3 PbX 3 where X = Cl, Br, I), which demonstrated huge potential in photovoltaics, also have promising optical gain. Their ultra-stable amplified spontaneous emission at strikingly low thresholds stems from their large absorption coefficients, ultralow bulk defect densities and slow Auger recombination. Straightforward visible spectral tunability (390-790 nm) is demonstrated. Importantly, in view of their balanced ambipolar charge transport characteristics, these materials may show electrically driven lasing. © 2014 Macmillan Publishers Limited.
2,691 citations