Resource Availability and Plant Antiherbivore Defense
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Cites background from "Resource Availability and Plant Ant..."
...Trade-offs between primary and secondary metabolism are well documented in cell cul- tures (Phillips and Henshaw, 1977; Lindsey and Yeoman, 1983; Collin, 1987) and at the whole plant level....
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...…and Janzen, 1974; Bohm, 1977; Jalal and Collin, 1977; Wiermann, 1981; Lindsey and yeoman, 1983; Hrazdina and Wagner, 1985; Mersey and Cutler, 1986; Collin, 1987; Sakuta and Komanine, 1987; Aerts et al. , 1991 ; Cotton et al., 1991; Kim and Mahlberg, 1991; Koops and Groeneveld, 1991; Lewinsohn,…...
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Cites background from "Resource Availability and Plant Ant..."
...CSR have not met this need. Rather, species are related by comparing performance or distribution in a landscape where they occur together. For this reason attempted syntheses have been forced back to growth-form, life-form, or habitat categorizations in the attempt to make sense of the accumulated experimental literature (e.g., Connell 1983, Crawley 1983, Goldberg 1996, Goldberg & Barton 1992, Gurevitch et al. 1992, Schoener 1983, Vesk & Westoby 2001, Wilson & Agnew 1992). With this in mind, Westoby (1998) previously suggested a "leaf-height-seed" scheme, with the three dimensions readily quantifiable....
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...Competition from Gross (1984), Bakker (1989), Thompson & Baster (1992), established Reader (1993), Ryser (1993), George & Bazzaz (1999;...
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...divided by (seed mass + accessory costs per seed), where accessory costs include fruit structures, dispersal structures, and early aborted seeds. The influence of these different components on seed output must depend on how widely each varies and on any cross-correlations between them. In Henery & Westoby's (2001) dataset, seed mass varied across three orders of magnitude, but reproductive production varied across only one (even allowing for limited sampling during a single season); hence, seed mass accounted for three fourths of the variation in output....
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...Figure 1 Correlation between leaf lifespan and leaf mass per area across 218 species from several habitats and continents. Regraphed from Reich et al. (1997); data kindly provided by the authors....
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...apparent that high LMA, long leaf lifespan, slow turnover of plant parts, and long nutrient residence times are associated with adaptation to slow-growth situations in a more fundamental way than is slow seedling potRGR (Aerts & van der Peijl 1993, Chapin 1980, Cunningham et al. 1999, Poorter & Gamier 1999). LMA is made up of lamina depth multiplied by tissue density (Witkowski & Lamont 1991). Both components, or measures closely related to them, have been advocated as better indices of plant strategies than LMA. Leaf volume is made up of solid (cell walls), liquid (cell contents), and gas (intercellular space). Roderick et al. (1999a,b, 2000) argued that liquid volume of leaves should be considered fundamental, because the metabolically active components are in liquid phase. Further, because light capture is area-based while gas exchange is volume-based (Charles-Edwards 1978), the surface area-to-volume ratio of leaves should be considered a fundamental descriptor of leaf structure and function. In effect, this argues that leaf thickness is more informative than LMA or SLA. Dry mass/fresh mass (dry matter content) approximates tissue density for leaves with little intercellular space and has been used in several studies (e.g., Ryser 1996, Wright & Westoby 1999). Wilson et al. (1999) found dry matter content more tightly correlated than LMA with a "primary axis of specialization" that Grime et al....
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2,186 citations
References
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