Response of retinal cells to moving spots: intracellular recording in Necturus maculosus.
About: This article is published in Journal of Neurophysiology.The article was published on 1970-05-01. It has received 114 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Necturus maculosus.
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TL;DR: Receptor sensitivities, derived from these results, show that rods saturate, cones obey Weber's law, and sensitization during dark adaptation follows a two-phase time-course.
Abstract: Rods and cones in Necturus respond with graded hyperpolarization to test flashes spanning about 3.5 log units of intensity. Steady background levels hyperpolarize the rods, and the rod responses become progressively smaller as background level is increased. In cones, higher background levels reduce the effectiveness of test flashes, so higher ranges of test intensities are required to elicit the full range of graded responses. When backgrounds are terminated, cones return rapidly, but rods return slowly to the dark potential level. The effects of backgrounds on both rods and cones can be observed at intensities that cause negligible bleaching as determined by retinal densitometry. During dark adaptation, changes are observed in the rods and cones that are similar to those produced by backgrounds. Receptor sensitivities, derived from these results, show that rods saturate, cones obey Weber's law, and sensitization during dark adaptation follows a two-phase time-course.
398 citations
TL;DR: The sections in this article are: Synaptic Organization, Pharmacology of Plexiform Layers and the Interplexiform Cell, and Ganglion Cell Functional Terminology.
Abstract: The sections in this article are:
1
Synaptic Organization
1.1
Receptive Fields
2
Intracellular Activity
3
Outer Plexiform Layer Functional Activity
4
Inner Plexiform Layer Functional Activity
5
Pharmacology of Plexiform Layers and the Interplexiform Cell
6
Summary
7
Appendix
7.1
Ganglion Cell Functional Terminology
357 citations
TL;DR: A specific synaptic interaction is proposed as the mechanism underlying the directional selectivity to motion of several nervous cells and it is shown that the hypothesis is consistent with previous behavioural and physiological studies of the motion detection process.
Abstract: A specific synaptic interaction is proposed as the mechanism underlying the directional selectivity to motion of several nervous cells. It is shown that the hypothesis is consistent with previous behavioural and physiological studies of the motion detection process.
324 citations
TL;DR: The kinds of insights that have been gained through computational studies are illustrated and how these observations can be integrated with experimental studies from psychology and the neurosciences to understand the particular computations used by biological systems to analyze motion.
Abstract: This paper reviews a number of aspects of visual motion analysis in biological systems from a computational perspective. We illustrate the kinds of insights that have been gained through computational studies and how these observations can be integrated with experimental studies from psychology and the neurosciences to understand the particular computations used by biological systems to analyze motion. The particular areas of motion analysis that we discuss include early motion detection and measurement, the optical flow computation, motion correspondence, the detection of motion discontinuities, and the recovery of three-dimensional structure from motion.
315 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: This paper shall review some of this recent work on the synaptic contacts in the vertebrate retina and the electrical responses of the six principal types of retinal cells, and infer probable sites of interaction and major synaptic pathways that occur within the vertebrates retina.
Abstract: JL he vertebrate retina is a portion of nervous tissue that has long been of interest both to investigators of brain function and of the visual process. It is one of the most accessible parts of the central nervous system; it can be easily and precisely stimulated with patterns of light; and its output, via the optic nerve, can be readily monitored. Recent studies employing electron microscopy and intracellular recording techniques have described the synaptic contacts in the vertebrate retina and the electrical responses of the six principal types of retinal cells. This new information, coupled with the knowledge of the retinal cells derived from light microscopy, permits us to infer probable sites of interaction and major synaptic pathways that occur within the vertebrate retina. In this paper I shall review some of this recent
302 citations