Response to anti-HBV vaccine and 10-year follow-up of antibody levels in healthcare workers

doi:10.1016/J.PUHE.2016.08.007

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Response to anti-HBV vaccine and 10-year follow-up of antibody levels in healthcare workers

Journal Article•DOI•

Response to anti-HBV vaccine and 10-year follow-up of antibody levels in healthcare workers

V La Fauci¹, R. Riso¹, Alessio Facciolà¹, C Ceccio¹, D. Lo Giudice¹, S. Calimeri¹, Raffaele Squeri¹ - Show less +3 more•Institutions (1)

University of Messina¹

01 Oct 2016-Public Health (W.B. Saunders)-Vol. 139, pp 198-202

TL;DR: It is important to recommend anti-HBV vaccination at a young age, ideally during childhood in accordance with the national vaccination policy, and the importance of completing the full vaccine schedule (three doses) is shown.

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About: This article is published in Public Health.The article was published on 2016-10-01. It has received 23 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Vaccination & Vaccination policy.

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Journal Article•DOI•

Vaccine hesitancy: An overview on parents' opinions about vaccination and possible reasons of vaccine refusal

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Alessio Facciolà, Giuseppa Visalli¹, Annalisa Orlando¹, Maria Paola Bertuccio¹, Pasquale Spataro¹, Raffaele Squeri¹, Isa Picerno¹, Angela Di Pietro¹ - Show less +4 more•Institutions (1)

University of Messina¹

11 Mar 2019-Journal of Public Health Research

TL;DR: Data analysis shows that parents are, theoretically, favourable towards vaccinations but have little knowledge of such practices, sometimes not being unaware of the types of vaccines administrated to their children, and that health education of parents is the cornerstone on which the public health should build the fight to the vaccine hesitancy and improve the vaccination coverages.

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Abstract: Background. Vaccine hesitancy has increased worldwide with a subsequent decreasing of vaccination rates and outbreaks of vaccine-preventable diseases (i.e. measles, poliomyelitis and pertussis) in several developed countries, including Italy. Design and Methods. We conducted a survey to investigate the attitudes of a parents' sample about vaccinations by the distribution of questionnaires in six lower secondary schools of the Italian city of Messina. Results. Regarding vaccinations carried out on children, the declared vaccination coverage rates ranged widely between good coverage percentages for some vaccinations (Measles-Mumps-Rubella, Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis), and very low coverage rates for others, especially for "new" vaccinations (HPV, meningococcal, pneumococcal). The vaccinations carried out correlated negatively with both parents' age and their level of education. Moreover, a favourable parents' opinion was strongly influenced by a favourable opinion of the physician, while an unfavourable parents' opinion seemed conditioned by a direct or indirect knowledge of people harmed by vaccines. In addition, our data show that parents do not often know or partially know the real composition of the vaccines and the diseases prevented by vaccinations. Conclusions. Data analysis shows that parents are, theoretically, favourable towards vaccinations but have little knowledge of such practices, sometimes not being unaware of the types of vaccines administrated to their children. Health education and communication of correct information are certainly the cornerstones to improve the situation and to fight the widespread and non-grounded fears about vaccines.

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79 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Antibody levels and protection after hepatitis B vaccination: Results of a 15-year follow-up

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Mario Calvo A

06 Jan 2005-Revista Chilena De Infectologia

77 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Vaccination coverage in healthcare workers: a multicenter cross-sectional study in Italy

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C Genovese¹, Isa Picerno¹, Giuseppe Trimarchi¹, G Cannavò, G Egitto, B Cosenza¹, Vincenzo Merlina¹, Giancarlo Icardi², Donatella Panatto², Daniela Amicizia², Andrea Orsi², C Colosio³, C Marsili³, C Lari, M A R Palamara¹, Francesco Vitale⁴, Alessandra Casuccio⁴, Claudio Costantino⁴, Antonio Azara⁵, Paolo Castiglia⁵, Aida Bianco⁶, A Currà⁶, Giovanni Gabutti⁷, Armando Stefanati⁷, Federica Sandri⁷, Caterina Florescu⁷, Marina Marranzano⁸, Gabriele Giorgianni⁸, Valerio Fiore⁸, Armando Platania⁸, I. Torre, A Cappuccio, A Guillari, Leila Fabiani⁹, Antonio Giuliani⁹, A Appetiti⁹, V La Fauci¹, A Squeri¹, Rosalia Ragusa, Raffaele Squeri¹ - Show less +36 more•Institutions (9)

University of Messina¹, University of Genoa², University of Milan³, University of Palermo⁴, University of Sassari⁵, Health Science University⁶, University of Ferrara⁷, University of Catania⁸, University of L'Aquila⁹

02 Apr 2019-Journal of preventive medicine and hygiene

TL;DR: This study revealed low VC rates among HCWs for all the vaccinations, and measures to increase VC are therefore necessary in order to prevent HCWs from becoming a source of transmission of infections with high morbidity and/or mortality both within hospitals and outside.

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Abstract: IntroductionIn recent years, a phenomenon known as "vaccine hesitancy" has spread throughout the world, even among health workers, determining a reduction in vaccination coverage (VC). A study aimed at evaluating VC among healthcare workers (HCWs) in 10 Italian cities (L'Aquila, Genoa, Milan, Palermo, Sassari, Catanzaro, Ferrara, Catania, Naples, Messina) was performed.Materials and methodsAnnex 3 of the Presidential Decree n. 445 of 28 December 2000 was used to collect information on the vaccination status of HCWs. The mean and standard deviation (SD) were calculated with regard to the quantitative variable (age), while absolute and relative frequencies were obtained for categorical data (sex, professional profile, working sector, vaccination status). The connection between VC and the categorical variables was evaluated by chi-square method (statistical significance at p<0.05). The statistical analyses were performed by SPSS and Stata software.ResultsA total of 3,454 HCWs participated in the project: 1,236 males and 2,218 females. The sample comprised: physicians (26.9%), trainee physicians (16.1%), nurses (17.2%) and other professional categories (9.8%). Low VC was generally recorded. Higher VC was found with regard to polio, hepatitis B, tetanus and diphtheria, while coverage was very low for measles, mumps, rubella, pertussis, chickenpox and influenza (20-30%). ConclusionsThis study revealed low VC rates among HCWs for all the vaccinations. Measures to increase VC are therefore necessary in order to prevent HCWs from becoming a source of transmission of infections with high morbidity and/or mortality both within hospitals and outside.

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56 citations

Cites result from "Response to anti-HBV vaccine and 10..."

...Such coverage rates are totally inadequate in terms of preventing not only disease transmission by susceptible HCWs, but also nosocomial outbreaks, an example being the recent outbreaks of measles in Italy [23, 24] confirming data from previous studies at the national and international levels [3, 7, 8, 12, 16, 17, 25, 26]....
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Journal Article•DOI•

An Overview of Vaccine Adjuvants: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives

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Alessio Facciolà, Giuseppa Visalli, Antonio Laganà, A. Di Pietro

01 May 2022-Vaccines

TL;DR: Research into adjuvants could play a leading role in the production of increasingly effective vaccines as modern technologies such as nanotechnologies and molecular biology have forcefully entered the production processes of both antigen and adjuvant components.

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Abstract: Vaccinations are one of the most important preventive tools against infectious diseases. Over time, many different types of vaccines have been developed concerning the antigen component. Adjuvants are essential elements that increase the efficacy of vaccination practises through many different actions, especially acting as carriers, depots, and stimulators of immune responses. For many years, few adjuvants have been included in vaccines, with aluminium salts being the most commonly used adjuvant. However, recent research has focused its attention on many different new compounds with effective adjuvant properties and improved safety. Modern technologies such as nanotechnologies and molecular biology have forcefully entered the production processes of both antigen and adjuvant components, thereby improving vaccine efficacy. Microparticles, emulsions, and immune stimulators are currently in the spotlight for their huge potential in vaccine production. Although studies have reported some potential side effects of vaccine adjuvants such as the recently recognised ASIA syndrome, the huge worth of vaccines remains unquestionable. Indeed, the recent COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of vaccines, especially in regard to managing future potential pandemics. In this field, research into adjuvants could play a leading role in the production of increasingly effective vaccines.

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30 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

An evaluation of attitude toward vaccines among healthcare workers of a University Hospital in Southern Italy.

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Raffaele Squeri¹, C Genovese¹, Giuseppe Trimarchi¹, M A R Palamara¹, V La Fauci¹ - Show less +1 more•Institutions (1)

University of Messina¹

01 Nov 2017-Annali di igiene : medicina preventiva e di comunità

TL;DR: Evaluating the views of medical staff at Messina University Hospital regarding vaccinations, their current and future vaccination status and whether they recommend it to their patients found a general lack of confidence and insecurity about vaccination.

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Abstract: BACKGROUND Vaccination is an effective and safe health technology. Despite this vaccine coverage falls short of national and international targets. Study design. The aim of the study was to evaluate the views of medical staff at Messina University Hospital regarding vaccinations, their current and future vaccination status and whether they recommend it to their patients. METHODS The study was conducted from April 2016 to March 2017 by an anonymous face-to-face questionnaire submitted to HCWs. RESULTS A general lack of confidence and insecurity about vaccination was shown by a substantial proportion of physicians analyzed while pediatricians showed a positive attitude to vaccines. However, many physicians had not been immunized with the recommended vaccines for HCWs and therefore represent a potential source of infection for both patients and the general population. CONCLUSIONS Despite the evidence of the effectiveness and safety of vaccines, compliance by HCWs remains very low for a variety of reasons. A range of measures are therefore needed to ensure their use, not only by the general population, but also by doctors who should be their major promoters.

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23 citations

Cites background from "Response to anti-HBV vaccine and 10..."

...In a previous survey conducted on healthcare workers at the same hospital, protective antibody levels (≥10 mIU / ml) were found in 65% of subjects who had completed the full vaccine schedule (three doses) and in 35% of subjects who had only received one or two doses of HBV vaccine (29)....
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References

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Journal Article•DOI•

Hepatitis B Virus Infection — Natural History and Clinical Consequences

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Don Ganem¹, Alfred M. Prince•Institutions (1)

University of California, San Francisco¹

11 Mar 2004-The New England Journal of Medicine

TL;DR: The structure and replication cycle of hepatitis B virus is examined and the natural history of primary infection, the mechanisms of clearance of the virus, and reasons for persistent infection are discussed.

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Abstract: This review article examines the structure and replication cycle of hepatitis B virus and discusses the natural history of primary infection, the mechanisms of clearance of the virus, and reasons for persistent infection. It concludes with a discussion of what we know about the virus and how it causes hepatitis and the implications for treatment.

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2,233 citations

"Response to anti-HBV vaccine and 10..." refers background in this paper

...It is asymptomatic in themajority of cases, butmay present as acute, fulminant or chronic hepatitis; the latter can lead to serious complications such as cirrhosis or liver cancer.(1) Worldwide, it is estimated that two billion people have been infected with HBV, and 360 million people have had a chronic...
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Journal Article•

Updated U.S. Public Health Service guidelines for the management of occupational exposures to HIV and recommendations for postexposure prophylaxis.

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Adelisa L. Panlilio, Denise M. Cardo, Lisa A. Grohskopf, Walid Heneine, Clara Sue Ross - Show less +1 more

30 Sep 2005-Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report

TL;DR: In this paper, the U.S. Public Health Service (USPS) recommended HIV post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) regimens have been changed.

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Abstract: Summary This report updates U.S. Public Health Service recommendations for the management of health-care personnel (HCP) who have occupational exposure to blood and other body fluids that might contain human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Although the principles of exposure management remain unchanged, recommended HIV postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) regimens have been changed. This report emphasizes adherence to HIV PEP when it is indicated for an exposure, expert consultation in management of exposures, follow-up of exposed workers to improve adherence to PEP, and monitoring for adverse events, including seroconversion. To ensure timely postexposure management and administration of HIV PEP, clinicians should consider occupational exposures as urgent medical concerns.

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1,310 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Estimation of the global burden of disease attributable to contaminated sharps injuries among health‐care workers

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Annette Prüss-Ustün¹, Elisabetta Rapiti¹, Yvan Hutin¹•Institutions (1)

World Health Organization¹

01 Dec 2005-American Journal of Industrial Medicine

TL;DR: Occupational exposures to percutaneous injuries are substantial source of infections with bloodborne pathogens among health-care workers (HCWs).

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Abstract: Background The global burden of hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection due to percutaneous injuries among health care workers (HCWs) is estimated. Methods The incidence of infections attributable to percutaneous injuries in 14 geographical regions on the basis of the probability of injury, the prevalence of infection, the susceptibility of the worker, and the percutaneous transmission potential are modeled. The model also provides the attributable fractions of infection in HCWs. Results Overall, 16,000 HCV, 66,000 HBV, and 1,000 HIVinfections may have occurred in the year 2000 worldwide among HCWs due to their occupational exposure to percutaneous injuries. The fraction of infections with HCV, HBV, and HIV in HCWs attributabletooccupationalexposuretopercutaneousinjuriesfractionreaches39%,37%, and 4.4% respectively. Conclusions Occupational exposures to percutaneous injuries are substantial source of infections with bloodborne pathogens among health-care workers (HCWs). These infections are highly preventable and should be eliminated. Am. J. Ind. Med. 48:482–490, 2005. 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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724 citations

"Response to anti-HBV vaccine and 10..." refers background in this paper

...9% of HCWs are exposed to an HBV infection transmitted via infected blood; this figure corresponds to approximately 66,000 HBV infections among HCWs worldwide.(26) Approximately 70% of HCWs in countries with medium to high endemic risk of HBV have accidents carrying a biological risk due to needlestick injuries, with an average of two per HCW per year....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Worldwide epidemiology of HBV infection, disease burden, and vaccine prevention.

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Daniel Lavanchy¹•Institutions (1)

World Health Organization¹

01 Dec 2005-Journal of Clinical Virology

TL;DR: Hepatitis B and all of the complications resulting from it, as well hepatitis D (HDV and its complications, are globally preventable by hepatitis B vaccination, and therefore elimination of HBV transmission and of new acute and chronic infections is a feasible goal.

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454 citations

"Response to anti-HBV vaccine and 10..." refers background in this paper

...Approximately, 500,000 deaths per year are attributed to this disease.(2) Despite improvements in public health and antiviral treatments, vaccination is still the most effective means of preventing infection in terms of cost-effectiveness and the costebenefit ratio....
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Journal Article•DOI•

The global impact of vaccination against hepatitis B: a historical overview.

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Alessandro Zanetti¹, Pierre Van Damme², Daniel Shouval³•Institutions (3)

University of Milan¹, University of Antwerp², Hebrew University of Jerusalem³

18 Nov 2008-Vaccine

TL;DR: The effective implementation of such programmes of vaccination has resulted in a substantial decrease in disease burden, in the carrier rate and in hepatitis B-related morbidity and mortality.

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415 citations

"Response to anti-HBV vaccine and 10..." refers background in this paper

...Approximately, 500,000 deaths per year are attributed to this disease.2 Despite improvements in public health and antiviral treatments, vaccination is still the most effective means of preventing infection in terms of cost-effectiveness and the costebenefit ratio.3,4 In 1991, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended that all countries with an HBV carrier rate of 8% or more should include the anti-HBV vaccine in their national immunization programme.5 By 2008, 177 countries had included the anti-HBV vaccine as an integral part of their national infant immunization programme.6 Worldwide, this led to a substantial decrease in the number of cases of hepatitis and morbidity/mortality due to HBV.3,7 In 1991, the vaccine became compulsory in Italy for newborns and 12-year-olds....
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...Worldwide, this led to a substantial decrease in the number of cases of hepatitis and morbidity/mortality due to HBV.(3,7) In 1991, the vaccine became compulsory in Italy for newborns and 12-year-olds....
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...Despite improvements in public health and antiviral treatments, vaccination is still the most effective means of preventing infection in terms of cost-effectiveness and the costebenefit ratio.(3,4) In 1991, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended that all countries with an HBV carrier rate of 8% or more should include the anti-HBV vaccine in their national immunization programme....
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