Restoring Soil Quality to Mitigate Soil Degradation
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...Soil degradation, therefore, refers to a broad spectrum of changes in soil characteristics because of natural or anthropogenic factors that alter their structure and quality, including deforestation and the removal of natural vegetation, agricultural activities, overgrazing, overexploitation of vegetation for domestic use, and industrial activities [7,14,18,19,76,77]....
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...This in turn reduces crop productivity, resulting in the need for more fertilization and irrigation, making soils a net source of CO2 emissions [5,16,20,77,86,99,124,200,201]....
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..., South Asia), is severely depleted by over-exploitation of natural resources [23]....
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...Increases in soil biodiversity, MBC and activity of earthworms and termites can all improve aggregation and encapsulate C within stable micro-aggregates as outlined in the hierarchy concept [47]....
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...Reductions in plant cover caused by over-grazing and the trampling effect can degrade soil structure, reduce water infiltration, increase runoff, aggravate soil erosion, and cause severe economic losses [76]....
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