Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis of the F Gene of Newcastle Disease Viruses Isolated from Chickens and an Owl in Taiwan

doi:10.1292/JVMS.61.1191

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Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis of the F Gene of Newcastle Disease Viruses Isolated from Chickens and an Owl in Taiwan

Journal Article•DOI•

Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis of the F Gene of Newcastle Disease Viruses Isolated from Chickens and an Owl in Taiwan

Yin-Tai Kou¹, Ling-Ling Chueh¹, Ching-Ho Wang¹•Institutions (1)

25 Nov 1999-Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE)-Vol. 61, Iss: 11, pp 1191-1195

TL;DR: It is indicated that the causative virus of the 1995 ND outbreak had already been present in Taiwan and was phylogenetically most closely related to that of Ck/Tw/2137/95 isolated from the same outbreak.

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Abstract: To provide information on the epidemiology of Newcastle disease (ND) of poultry in Taiwan, ND virus isolates from chickens and an owl were investigated by restriction site analysis and sequencing of their gene. A 1, 349 base fragment of the F (fusion protein) gene was amplified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The PCR products were analyzed using restriction endonucleases, HinfI, BstOI, and RsaI. Three strains isolated from chickens during the 1995 epidemic outbreak had the same restriction sites as that of a 1994 isolate; the number of the restriction sites of HinfI, BstOI, and RsaI were 4, 2, and 4, respectively. In the F gene of the strain isolated from an owl during the same outbreak an additional restriction site of HinfI was found. The 1991 isolate had only 3 restriction sites. The F gene of the owl isolate was amplified by RT-PCR and followed by direct sequencing. The deduced amino acid sequence at the cleavage site of the F protein was of virulent strains, 112R-R-Q-K-R-F117. The F gene of Ow/Tw/2209/95 was phylogenetically most closely related to that of Ck/Tw/2137/95 isolated from the same outbreak. The present results indicate that the causative virus of the 1995 ND outbreak had already been present in Taiwan.

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Journal Article•DOI•

Detection and differentiation of Newcastle disease virus (avian paramyxovirus type 1).

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E W Aldous, D J Alexander

01 Apr 2001-Avian Pathology

TL;DR: Panels of monoclonal antibodies were a major advance for the characterization of NDV isolates, although confirmation of virulence for poultry still required in vivo testing and molecular-based techniques become easier and more reliable.

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Abstract: Substantial variation in the virulence of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) isolates means that the detection of NDV or evidence of infection is insufficient for an adequate diagnosis, as control measures for avirulent viruses are very different to those for virulent viruses. Diagnosis therefore requires further characterization, at least as to whether an isolate is virulent or avirulent. Conventional detection and differentiation of ND viruses is perceived as slow, laborious and requiring an undesirable use of in vivo techniques. In addition, further characterization is needed to give greater information on origin and spread. This review concentrates on the application of monoclonal antibody and molecular biological approaches. Panels of monoclonal antibodies were a major advance for the characterization of NDV isolates, although confirmation of virulence for poultry still required in vivo testing. As molecular-based techniques become easier and more reliable, they are likely to supersede the use of monoclonal antibodies, especially for characterizing viruses for epidemiological purposes. The attraction of molecular-based techniques is that they may be able to cover all three aspects of Newcastle disease diagnosis (detection of virus, characterization, including inference of virulence, and epidemiology) quickly, accurately and definitively in a single test. A number of approaches based on the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction have been developed, with subsequent analysis of the product by restriction enzyme analysis, probe hybridization and nucleotide sequencing. Although extensive variation among NDVs still poses technical problems, the real and potential advantages of a molecular biological approach to Newcastle disease diagnosis appear to be overwhelming.

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250 citations

Cites methods from "Restriction Fragment Length Polymor..."

...…have been carried out using the generated PCR product, including: d restriction enzyme analysis (Wehmann et al., 1997; Ballagi Pordany et al., 1996; Kou et al., 1999; Nanthakumar et al., 2000) d probe hybridization (Jarecki Black et al., 1992; Jarecki Black & King, 1993; Radhavan et al., 1998;…...
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...…Fusion (F) Probe ACT ACA TCT GGA GGG GGG AGA CAG GGG RT-PCR Fusion (F) 1349 CGA TTC CAT CCG CAA GAT CCA AGG GTC TG GAT CTA GGG TAT TAT TCC CAA GCC A Kou et al. (1999) RT-nPCR Fusion (F) GCC TTA ACT CAG TTG ACT ATC CAG GC CAA GCA ATA AAT GCC CGG Sequencing Fusion (F) ATA TGG GCT CCG AAC CTT CTA…...
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...The aim of these analyses can be for differentiation (Wehmann et al., 1997; Nanthakumar et al., 2000), but they have been used more commonly for epidemiological purposes (Ballagi Pordany et al., 1996; Kou et al., 1999)....
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...…of a specific gene region has been achieved using: (i) universal primers (Jestin & Jestin, 1991; Jestin & Cherbonnel, 1992; Gohm et al., 2000); (ii) pathotype specific primers (Kant et al., 1997); or (iii) nested PCR (Jestin et al., 1994; Kant et al., 1997; Kou et al., 1999; Kho et al., 2000)....
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Journal Article•DOI•

A review of RT-PCR technologies used in veterinary virology and disease control: sensitive and specific diagnosis of five livestock diseases notifiable to the World Organisation for Animal Health.

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Bernd Hoffmann¹, Martin Beer¹, S. M. Reid, Peter P. C. Mertens, C.A.L. Oura, P.A. van Rijn², Marek J. Slomka³, Jill Banks³, Ian H. Brown³, Dennis J. Alexander³, Donald P. King - Show less +7 more•Institutions (3)

Friedrich Loeffler Institute¹, Wageningen University and Research Centre², Veterinary Laboratories Agency³

20 Oct 2009-Veterinary Microbiology

TL;DR: The rRT-PCR assays that have been developed for the detection of five RNA viruses that cause diseases that are notifiable to the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE), namely: foot-and-mouth disease, classical swine fever, bluetongue disease, avian influenza and Newcastle disease are reviewed.

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196 citations

Cites background or methods from "Restriction Fragment Length Polymor..."

..., 1999), a specific nested PCR (Barbezange and Jestin, 2002; Kant et al., 1997; Kou et al., 1999; Kho et al., 2000), agarose-gel electrophoresis, or restriction enzyme analysis (Creelan and McCullough, 2006)....
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...…been achieved by several methods, i.e. subsequent sequencing of the amplicon (Gohm et al., 1999), a specific nested PCR (Barbezange and Jestin, 2002; Kant et al., 1997; Kou et al., 1999; Kho et al., 2000), agarose-gel electrophoresis, or restriction enzyme analysis (Creelan and McCullough, 2006)....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Newcastle disease virus: macromolecules and opportunities.

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Khatijah Yusoff, Wen Siang Tan

01 Oct 2001-Avian Pathology

TL;DR: The progress in the molecular biology of NDV is reviewed with emphasis on the new technologies and the fundamental problems that need to be addressed are identified.

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Abstract: Over the past two decades, enormous advances have occurred in the structural and biological characterization of Newcastle disease virus (NDV). As a result, not only the complete sequence of the viral genome has been fully determined, but also a clearer understanding of the viral proteins and their respective roles in the life cycle has been achieved. This article reviews the progress in the molecular biology of NDV with emphasis on the new technologies. It also identifies the fundamental problems that need to be addressed and attempts to predict some research opportunities in NDV that can be realized in the near future for the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of disease(s).

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170 citations

Cites background from "Restriction Fragment Length Polymor..."

...…the RT-PCR products of the F0 cleavage site and parts of the M gene to restriction enzyme analysis, it was possible to identify and differentiate the various NDV isolates (BallagiPordány et al., 1996; Wehmann et al., 1997, 1999; Kuo et al., 1999; Gohm et al., 2000; Herczeg et al., 2001)....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Simultaneous detection and differentiation of Newcastle disease and avian influenza viruses using oligonucleotide microarrays.

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Lih-Chiann Wang¹, Chu-Hsiang Pan², Lucia Liu Severinghaus³, Lu-Yuan Liu, Chi-Tsong Chen, Chang-En Pu, Dean Huang, Jihn-Tsair Lir, Shih-Chien Chin, Ming-Chu Cheng², Shu-Hwae Lee², Ching-Ho Wang¹ - Show less +8 more•Institutions (3)

National Taiwan University¹, Council of Agriculture², Academia Sinica³

18 Mar 2008-Veterinary Microbiology

TL;DR: A fast, simultaneous and inexpensive approach to the detection of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and avian influenza virus (AIV) using oligonucleotide microarrays, which may provide potential for rapid surveillance and differential diagnosis of these two important zoonoses in both wild and domestic birds.

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45 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Clinical Epidemiologic and Experimental Evidence for the Transmission of Newcastle Disease Virus Through Eggs

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Jui-Pin Chen¹, Ching-Ho Wang¹•Institutions (1)

National Taiwan University¹

01 Apr 2002-Avian Diseases

TL;DR: It is confirmed that a few chicken embryos infected in ovo with a low titer of NDV can hatch and contain NDV after hatching, which results in NDV spreading through eggs.

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Abstract: SUMMARY. Sporadic outbreaks of Newcastle disease (ND) occurred in Taiwan during 1998–2000. In some cases, the disease occurred in broilers less than 2 wk old that originated in a broiler breeder farm, so spread of the ND virus (NDV) from the infected breeder farm to broiler ranches was suspected. The purpose of the present study was to examine the possibility of the transmission of NDV through eggs. Both clinical and experimental evidence were used to prove that this is possible. From epidemiological investigation, the possibility of transmission through eggs was suggested in two separate ND cases from a breeder farm and its progeny because two identical NDVs were isolated from both cases. In order to clarify the possibility of the transmission through eggs, one mean egg lethal dose (ELD50) of NDV was inoculated into the allantoic cavity of 155 9-to-11-day-old specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chicken embryos. Seventy-one hatching chicks from the inoculated embryos were raised for 14 days. The cloacal swabs fr...

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31 citations

Cites background from "Restriction Fragment Length Polymor..."

...Meanwhile, some hatcheries tried to inject vaccines or drugs into chicken embryos in Taiwan....
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...Abbreviations: DPI days postinoculation; ELD50 mean egg lethal dose; F fusion protein; HI hemagglutination-inhibition; NDV Newcastle disease virus; NIAH National Institute for Animal Health, Taiwan; RT-PCR reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction; SPF specific-pathogen-free Newcastle disease (ND) is a significant disease throughout the world (1)....
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...NDV occurred during 1998–2000 in Taiwan (6,13)....
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...In spite of extensive use of vaccine, this disease still occurred in some areas in Taiwan (13)....
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...Sporadic outbreaks of Newcastle disease (ND) occurred in Taiwan during 1998–2000....
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References

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Open Access

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Journal Article•DOI•

Proteolytic cleavage of the viral glycoproteins and its significance for the virulence of Newcastle disease virus.

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Yoshiyuki Nagai¹, Hans-Dieter Klenk¹, Rudolf Rott¹•Institutions (1)

University of Giessen¹

15 Jul 1976-Virology

TL;DR: In this article, a comparative study has been carried out on the biosynthesis and function of the viral glycoproteins, and the results show that the cleavage of the glycoprotein is necessary for the expression of cell fusing and hemolytic activity.

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645 citations

Newcastle disease and other avian paramyxoviridae infections

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D. J. Alexander

01 Jan 1997

294 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Newcastle disease outbreaks in recent years in Western Europe were caused by an old (VI) and a novel genotype (VII)

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B. Lomniczi¹, Enikő Wehmann¹, J. Herczeg¹, A. Ballagi-Pordány, Erhard F. Kaleta, Ortrud Werner², G. Meulemans, Poul Henrik Jørgensen, A.P. Mante, A.L.J. Gielkens, Ilaria Capua, J. Damoser - Show less +8 more•Institutions (2)

Hungarian Academy of Sciences¹, Friedrich Loeffler Institute²

01 Jan 1998-Archives of Virology

TL;DR: NDV strains isolated from outbreaks during epizootics between 1992 and 1996 in Western European countries, were compared by restriction enzyme cleavage site mapping of the fusion (F) protein gene between nucleotides 334 and 1682 and by sequence analysis, revealing that NDV strains belong to two distinct genotypes.

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Abstract: Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strains, isolated from outbreaks during epizootics between 1992 and 1996 in Western European countries, were compared by restriction enzyme cleavage site mapping of the fusion (F) protein gene between nucleotides 334 and 1682 and by sequence analysis between nucleotides 47 and 435 Both methods revealed that NDV strains responsible for these epizootics belong to two distinct genotypes Strains derived from sporadic cases in Denmark, Sweden, Switzerland and Austria were classified into genotype VI [6], the same group which caused outbreaks in the Middle East and Greece in the late 1960's and in Hungary in the early 1980's In contrast, viruses that caused epizootics in Germany, Belgium, The Netherlands, Spain and Italy could be classified into a novel genotype (provisionally termed VII), hitherto undetected in Europe It is possible that the genotype VII viruses originated in the Far East because they showed a high genetic similarity (97%) to NDV strains isolated from Indonesia in the late 1980's

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228 citations

"Restriction Fragment Length Polymor..." refers background or methods or result in this paper

...After amplifying a 75% region of the F gene by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and restriction endonuclease digestion, restriction site analysis established seven major groups of NDV isolates in the world [4, 8]....
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...The present results indicate that Taiwan isolates belonged to none of the proposed six groups [4], or rather genotype VII based on the restriction site analysis [8]....
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...This group includes NDV strains isolated during the 1960s panzootic in the Far East [4, 8]....
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...The present isolates could be the descendants of the strains in that outbreak and those from outbreaks in Western Europe in the 1990s [8]....
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...None of the RFLP patterns was the same as those reported previously [4] and they could be grouped into Group VII [8]....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Identification and grouping of Newcastle disease virus strains by restriction site analysis of a region from the F gene

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A. Ballagi-Pordány¹, Enikő Wehmann², J. Herczeg², Sándor Belák¹, B. Lomniczi² - Show less +1 more•Institutions (2)

National Veterinary Institute¹, Hungarian Academy of Sciences²

01 Jan 1996-Archives of Virology

TL;DR: It is concluded that restriction site analysis of F gene PCR amplicons is a relatively fast, simple and reliable method for the differentiation and identification of NDV strains.

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Abstract: A 75% region of the F gene (between nucleotides 334 and 1682) of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) RNA was amplified by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). PCR products were cleaved by three restriction endonucleases and the positions of thirty cleavage sites were mapped in more than 200 NDV strains. Restrictions site analysis established six major groups of NDV isolates and unique fingerprints of vaccine strains. Group I comprised lentogenic strains isolated mainly from waterfowl with some from chickens. "Old" (prior to 1960s) North American isolates of varying virulence including lentogenic and mesogenic vaccine strains belonged to group II. Group III included two early isolates from the Far East. Early European strains (Herts 33 and Italien) of the first panzootic (starting in the late 1920s) and their descendants with some modifications were placed into group IV. NDV strains isolated during the second panzootic of chickens (starting in the early 1960s) were classified into two groups. Group V included strains originating in imported psittacines and in epizootics of chickens in the early 1970s. Group V1 comprised strains from the Middle East in the late 1960s and later isolates from Asia and Europe. Pigeon paramyxovirus-1 strains that were responsible for the third panzootic formed a distinct subgroup in group V1. Our grouping of NDV strains has confirmed group differences established by monoclonal antibodies. It is concluded that restriction site analysis of F gene PCR amplicons is a relatively fast, simple and reliable method for the differentiation and identification of NDV strains.

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202 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Newcastle disease virus evolution: I. Multiple lineages defined by sequence variability of the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase gene

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Takemasa Sakaguchi¹, T. Toyoda¹, Bin Gotoh¹, N. M. Inocencio¹, Kei-ichi Kuma², Takashi Miyata², Yoshiyuki Nagai¹ - Show less +3 more•Institutions (2)

Nagoya University¹, Kyushu University²

01 Apr 1989-Virology

TL;DR: Analysis of hemagglutinin-neuraminidase gene sequence among 13 strains of Newcastle disease virus isolated over the last 50 years demonstrated the existence of at least three distinct lineages, which must have co-circulated for considerable periods.

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155 citations