Rethinking Community‐Based Conservation
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Community-based conservation (CBC) is based on the idea that if conservation and development could be simultaneously achieved, then the interests of both could be served as mentioned in this paper, which has been controversial because community development objectives are not necessarily consistent with conservation objectives in a given case.Abstract:
Community-based conservation (CBC) is based on the idea that if conservation and development could be simultaneously achieved, then the interests of both could be served. It has been controversial because community development objectives are not necessarily consistent with conservation objectives in a given case. I examined CBC from two angles. First, CBC can be seen in the context of paradigm shifts in ecology and applied ecology. I identified three conceptual shifts—toward a systems view, toward the inclusion of humans in the ecosystem, and toward participatory approaches to ecosystem management—that are interrelated and pertain to an understanding of ecosystems as complex adaptive systems in which humans are an integral part. Second, I investigated the feasibility of CBC, as informed by a number of emerging interdisciplinary fields that have been pursuing various aspects of coupled systems of humans and nature. These fields—common property, traditional ecological knowledge, environmental ethics, political ecology, and environmental history—provide insights for CBC. They may contribute to the development of an interdisciplinary conservation science with a more sophisticated understanding of social-ecological interactions. The lessons from these fields include the importance of cross-scale conservation, adaptive comanagement, the question of incentives and multiple stakeholders, the use of traditional ecological knowledge, and development of a cross-cultural conservation ethic.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Scaling up from gardens: biodiversity conservation in urban environments
TL;DR: In this article, the authors suggest mechanisms for encouraging "wildlife-friendly" management of collections of gardens across scales from the neighbourhood to the city, where the individual garden is much smaller than the unit of management needed to retain viable populations.
Journal ArticleDOI
Biodiversity Conservation and the Eradication of Poverty
William M. Adams,Ros Aveling,Dan Brockington,Barney Dickson,Jo Elliott,Jon Hutton,Dilys Roe,Bhaskar Vira,William Wolmer +8 more
TL;DR: The links between poverty alleviation and biodiversity conservation are reviewed and a conceptual typology of these relationships is presented.
Journal ArticleDOI
Public Participation in Scientific Research: a Framework for Deliberate Design
Jennifer L. Shirk,Heidi L. Ballard,Candie C. Wilderman,Tina B. Phillips,Andrea Wiggins,Rebecca Jordan,Ellen McCallie,Matthew Minarchek,Bruce V. Lewenstein,Marianne E. Krasny,Rick Bonney +10 more
TL;DR: Public Participation in Scientific Research (PPSR) as discussed by the authors ) is a popular term for participatory action research and citizen science, and it has been widely used in the literature.
Journal ArticleDOI
Community-based conservation in a globalized world
TL;DR: Improving the integration of conservation and development requires rethinking conservation by using a complexity perspective and the ability to deal with multiple objectives, use of partnerships and deliberative processes, and learning from commons research to develop diagnostic tools.
Journal ArticleDOI
The use of focus group discussion methodology: Insights from two decades of application in conservation
Tobias Ochieng Nyumba,Kerrie A. Wilson,Christina J. Derrick,Nibedita Mukherjee,Nibedita Mukherjee +4 more
TL;DR: Focus group discussion is frequently used as a qualitative approach to gain an in-depth understanding of social issues as mentioned in this paper, which aims to obtain data from a purposely selected group of individuals rather than from a statistically representative sample of a broader population.
References
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Book
Governing the Commons: The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action
TL;DR: In this paper, an institutional approach to the study of self-organization and self-governance in CPR situations is presented, along with a framework for analysis of selforganizing and selfgoverning CPRs.
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Governing the Commons: The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action
Book
The Perception of the Environment: Essays on Livelihood, Dwelling and Skill
TL;DR: The Perception of the Environment as discussed by the authors is a collection of essays focusing on the procurement of livelihood, what it means to "dwell" and on the nature of skill, weaving together approaches from social anthropology, ecological psychology, developmental biology and phenomenology in a way that has never been attempted before.
Book
Panarchy: Understanding Transformations in Human and Natural Systems
Lance Gunderson,C. S. Holling +1 more
TL;DR: The authors examines theories (models) of how systems (those of humans, nature, and combined humannatural systems) function, and attempts to understand those theories and how they can help researchers develop effective institutions and policies for environmental management.
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Understanding the Complexity of Economic, Ecological, and Social Systems
TL;DR: The phrase that combines the two, “sustainable development,” thus refers to the goal of fostering adaptive capabilities and creating opportunities, which is not an oxymoron but a term that describes a logical partnership.