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Reversible anionic redox chemistry inhigh-capacity layered-oxide electrodes

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TLDR
Structurally related Li₂Ru(1-y)Sn(y)O₃ materials that have a single redox cation and exhibit sustainable reversible capacities as high as 230 mA h g(-1) and unambiguously show that the reactivity of these high-capacity materials towards Li entails cumulative cationic and anionic reversible redox processes.
Abstract
Li-ion batteries have contributed to the commercial success of portable electronics and may soon dominate the electric transportation market provided that major scientific advances including new materials and concepts are developed. Classical positive electrodes for Li-ion technology operate mainly through an insertion–deinsertion redox process involving cationic species. However, this mechanism is insufficient to account for the high capacities exhibited by the new generation of Li-rich (Li1CxNiyCozMn(1

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(Invited) Evolution of Redox Couples in Li- and Mn-Rich Cathode Materials and Mitigation of Voltage Fade by Reducing Oxygen Release

Jun Lu
TL;DR: In this article, the average valence state of each type of transition metal cation is continuously reduced, which is attributed to oxygen release from the LMR material, and surface coating and modification methods are suggested to suppress the voltage fade through reducing the oxygen release.

Requirements for Reversible Extra-Capacity in Li-Rich Layered Oxides for Li-Ionbatteries

TL;DR: In this article, the structural stability and the redox mechanism of Li-rich layered oxides (LLOs) were investigated for Li-ion battery applications, and the results showed that structural stability against oxygen vacancy formation is improved with increasing M-O covalency, while it decreases with increasing d-shell electron number and with electrochemical extraction of lithium from the lattice.
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Origin of structural degradation in Li-rich layered oxide cathode

TL;DR: Li and Mn-rich (LMR) cathode materials that utilize both cation and anion redox can yield substantial increases in battery energy density1-3 as discussed by the authors .

Operando Lithium Dynamics in the Li-Rich Layered Oxide Cathode Material Via Neutron Diffraction

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used neutron diffraction under operando battery cycling to study the lithium and oxygen dynamics of high Li-rich Li(Lix/3Ni(3/8-3x/8)Co(1/4-x/4)Mn( 3/8+7x/24)O2 (x = 0.6, HLR) and low Li-Rich Li(lix/ 3Ni(1.24, LLR) compounds that exhibit different degrees of oxygen activation at high voltage.

Advances in manganese-oxide âcompositeâ electrodes for lithium-ion batteries

TL;DR: In this paper, a two-component notation is used to represent the Li2MnO3, LiMO2 and LiM2O4 components, which provide an initial capacity >250 mAh g−1 when discharged between 5 and 2.0 V vs. Li0 and a rechargeable capacity up to 250 mAhg−1 over the same potential window.
References
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Generalized Gradient Approximation Made Simple

TL;DR: A simple derivation of a simple GGA is presented, in which all parameters (other than those in LSD) are fundamental constants, and only general features of the detailed construction underlying the Perdew-Wang 1991 (PW91) GGA are invoked.
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Efficient iterative schemes for ab initio total-energy calculations using a plane-wave basis set.

TL;DR: An efficient scheme for calculating the Kohn-Sham ground state of metallic systems using pseudopotentials and a plane-wave basis set is presented and the application of Pulay's DIIS method to the iterative diagonalization of large matrices will be discussed.
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Revised effective ionic radii and systematic studies of interatomic distances in halides and chalcogenides

TL;DR: The effective ionic radii of Shannon & Prewitt [Acta Cryst. (1969), B25, 925-945] are revised to include more unusual oxidation states and coordinations as mentioned in this paper.
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Issues and challenges facing rechargeable lithium batteries

TL;DR: A brief historical review of the development of lithium-based rechargeable batteries is presented, ongoing research strategies are highlighted, and the challenges that remain regarding the synthesis, characterization, electrochemical performance and safety of these systems are discussed.
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Building better batteries

TL;DR: Researchers must find a sustainable way of providing the power their modern lifestyles demand to ensure the continued existence of clean energy sources.
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