REVIEW: Current Status of Extenders and Cryoprotectants onFish Spermatozoa Cryopreservation

doi:10.13057/BIODIV/D060114

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REVIEW: Current Status of Extenders and Cryoprotectants onFish Spermatozoa Cryopreservation

Journal Article•DOI•

REVIEW: Current Status of Extenders and Cryoprotectants onFish Spermatozoa Cryopreservation

Zainal A. Muchlisin¹•Institutions (1)

Syiah Kuala University¹

01 Jan 2005-Biodiversitas-Vol. 6, Iss: 1, pp 66-69

TL;DR: A review of studies on the cryopreservation of mammalian sperm, animal husbandry sperm and human sperm have progressed significantly but studies on fish sperm is still confined to some aquatic.

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Abstract: An important component of many studies of cryopreservation of fish spermatozoa is the type of extenders and cryoprotectants. The suitability of extenders and cryoprotectants differs from one fish to another. There are many studies have been done in cryopreservation of fish spermatozoa. However, there are few review have been done. This review reveals some aspects of cryopreservation especially the role of extender and cryoprotectant in fish sperm cryopreservation. Fish produce high viscosity of sperm and in some cases only small volume is produced. Before cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen, sperm have to dilute with extenders and for long-term cryopreservation,cryoprotectants are needed to protect the sperm cell from cold and hot shock treatments and prevent cell dehydration during pre-freezing, freezing and post thawed. The suitability of extenders and cryoprotectants differs from one fish to another. Over the last decade, studies on the cryopreservation of mammalian sperm, animal husbandry sperm and human sperm have progressed significantly but studies on fish sperm is still confined to some aquatic.Â© 2005 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: fish, sperm, cryopreservation, extenders, cryoprotectants

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Figures (3)

Table 2. The type of extenders used for cryopreservation of sperm in various fish species (Chao, 1996).

Table 3. The types of co-cryoprotectants used in cryopreservation studies. (……… it must be cited in article ……….)

Table 1. Cryoprotectants used in cryopreservation studies (Chao, 1996).

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Journal Article•DOI•

Effect of seminal plasma on Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) sperm vitrification.

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Elías Figueroa¹, Elías Figueroa², O. Merino, Jennie Risopatrón, Vladimir Isachenko³, Raúl Sánchez, Brian Effer², Evgenia Isachenko³, Jorge G. Farías¹, I. Valdebenito⁴ - Show less +6 more•Institutions (4)

University of La Frontera¹, The Catholic University of America², University of Cologne³, Temuco Catholic University⁴

15 Jan 2015-Theriogenology

TL;DR: This study was designed to test a vitrification method in Atlantic salmon spermatozoa and determine the capacity of seminal plasma (SP) to protect these cells from cryoinjuries.

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75 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Cryopreservation of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar sperm: effects on sperm physiology

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Elías Figueroa¹, Elías Figueroa², Iván Valdebenito², O. Merino, Andrea Ubilla², Jennie Risopatrón, Jorge G. Farías¹ - Show less +3 more•Institutions (2)

University of La Frontera¹, The Catholic University of America²

01 Sep 2016-Journal of Fish Biology

TL;DR: There were significant differences in the plasma membrane integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential, motility, fertilization rate, VCL, VAP and VSL compared with the controls (P < 0·05).

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Abstract: The objective of this study was to determine the effect of freezing on the function in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar spermatozoa. The semen was frozen in Cortland's medium + 1.3M dimethyl sulphoxide + 0.3M glucose + 2% bovine serum albumin (final concentration) in a ratio of 1:3 (semen:cryoprotectant) as the treatment (T) and fresh semen as the control (F). Straws of 0·5 ml of sperm suspension were frozen in 4 cm of N2 L. They were thawed in a thermoregulated bath (40° C). After thawing, the percentage of spermatozoa with fragmented DNA [transferase dUTP (deoxyuridine triphosphate) nick-end labelling (TUNEL)], plasma membrane integrity (SYBR-14/PI) and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨMMit, JC-1) were evaluated by flow cytometry and motility was evaluated by optical microscope under stroboscopic light. The fertilization rates of the control and treatment semen were tested at a sperm density of 1·5 × 10(7) spermatozoa oocyte(-1) , by observation of the first cleavages after 16 h incubation at 10° C. In the cryopreserved semen (T), the mean ± s.d. DNA fragmentation was 4·8 ± 2·5%; plasma membrane integrity 75·2 ± 6·3%; mitochondrial membrane potential 51·7 ± 3·6%; motility 58·5 ± 5·3%; curved line velocity (VCL ) 61·2 ± 17·4 µm s(-1) ; average-path velocity (VAP ) 50·1 ± 17·3 µm s(-1) ; straight-line velocity (VSL ) 59·1 ± 18·4 µm s(-1) ; fertilization rate 81·6 ± 1·9%. There were significant differences in the plasma membrane integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential, motility, fertilization rate, VCL , VAP and VSL compared with the controls (P < 0·05). Also the mitochondrial membrane potential correlated with motility, fertilization rate, VCL and VSL (r = 0·75; r = 0·59; r = 0·77 and r = 0·79, respectively; P < 0·05); and the fertilization rate correlated with VCL and VSL (r = 0·59 and r = 0·55, respectively).

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57 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Cryopreservation of sperm in farmed Australian greenlip abalone Haliotis laevigata.

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Yibing Liu¹, Tong Xu², Nicholas Robinson¹, Jianguang Qin¹, Xiaoxu Li³ - Show less +1 more•Institutions (3)

Flinders University¹, Dalian Ocean University², South Australian Research and Development Institute³

01 Apr 2014-Cryobiology

TL;DR: A positive role of glucose in the improvement of sperm cryopreservation in farmed greenlip abalone is demonstrated, showing that the addition of glucose could significantly improve the sperm plasma membrane integrity and mitochondrial membrane potential.

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35 citations

Cites background from "REVIEW: Current Status of Extenders..."

...In aquatic species, sperm cryopreservation research has mainly been conducted in fish species [7,47,63]....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Influence of cryoprotectants on abnormality and motility of baung (Mystus nemurus) spermatozoa after long-term cryopreservation.

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Zainal A. Muchlisin¹, M.N. Siti Azizah²•Institutions (2)

Syiah Kuala University¹, Universiti Sains Malaysia²

01 Apr 2009-Cryobiology

TL;DR: The effect of cryoprotectants on the spermatozoa abnormality and motility were significant and there is a negative correlation between sperm motility and abnormality.

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30 citations

Journal Article•

Preliminary study on the natural extenders for artificial breeding of African catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822)

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Zainal A. Muchlisin, Nur Nadiya, Wan N. Nadiah, Musri Musman, M. Nor Siti-Azizah - Show less +1 more

01 Jul 2010-Aacl Bioflux

TL;DR: Coconut water showed the highest fertility and hatching rates at 1:20 dilution ratio and was the optimal condition for African catfish spermatozoa among the natural extenders investigated.

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Abstract: The objective of the present study was to determine the most suitable extender and their respective dilution ratios for African catfish sperm for artificial induced breeding and cryopreservation purposes Three natural extenders were tested ie coconut water, sugarcane water and soybean solutions, at three different levels of sperm to extender dilutions of 1:20, 1:30 and 1:40 While Ringer solution was used as a control Diluted sperm were fertilized with ready isolated eggs to assess the fertility and hatching rate at 0, 6 and 12 hour intervals The results showed that the eggs hatched approximately 19 to 27 hours after fertilization In general, the fertilization and hatching rates decreased with increasing dilution ratio With respect to natural extenders, the coconut water showed the highest fertility and hatching rates at 1:20 dilution ratio Therefore, coconut water at 1:20 dilution ratio was the optimal condition for African catfish spermatozoa among the natural extenders investigated

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29 citations

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Journal Article•DOI•

Cryopreservation of mammalian sperm: what we ask them to survive.

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Roy H. Hammerstedt¹, James K. Graham¹, John P. Nolan¹•Institutions (1)

Pennsylvania State University¹

02 Jan 1990-Journal of Andrology

TL;DR: These concepts of membrane structure and the relationship of membrane composition to water and cryoprotectant movement are reviewed and reintroduced in the context of the established and successful protocol for freezing bull sperm to illustrate the molecular responses that may be necessary to survive a freeze-thaw cycle.

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Abstract: Techniques for freezing bull sperm developed over the past 40 years have not yielded protocols for preserving sperm from other species. Recent advances in our understanding of cell membrane structure function and metabolism now permit alternative modes of investigation. These data will allow development of unique studies which should have a higher probability of yielding successful protocols for sperm from other species. In this review the authors will: (1) provide a general overview of cryopreservation; (2) review emerging concepts of membrane structure and the relationship of membrane composition to water and cryoprotectant movement; (3) emphasize how these parameters affect cell volume and surface areas; (4) focus attention on the concept that cryoprotectants will alter membrane structure and function in addition to their well-recognized effects on bulk solvent; and (5) emphasize the effect of the processing protocol on metabolic balance. These concepts are reintroduced in the context of the established and successful protocol for freezing bull sperm to illustrate the molecular responses that may be necessary to survive a freeze-thaw cycle.

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735 citations

"REVIEW: Current Status of Extenders..." refers background in this paper

...: +62-0651-555622 e-mail: icin@eudoramail.com 2005 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS Surakarta Key words: fish, sperm, cryopreservation, extenders and cryoprotectants....
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...In addition, Hammerstedt et al. (1990) reported that ice formation and changes in osmotic pressure are other major causes of spermatozoa damage during cryopreservation, and the ability of spermatozoa plasma membrane to resist structural damage during cryopreservation may be related to the type of…...
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Journal Article•DOI•

Cryopreservation of finfish and shellfish gametes and embryos

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Nai-Hsien Chao, I.Chiu Liao

01 Jun 2001-Aquaculture

TL;DR: This paper reviews the recent advances in finfish and shellfish gamete and embryo cryopreservation and suggests ways to overcome the problems posed by finfish ova and embryos using very recent technical innovations.

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242 citations

"REVIEW: Current Status of Extenders..." refers background in this paper

...Major cryoinjuries can occur in relation to freezing and thawing process during conventional cryopreservation within the temperature ranges of generalized cryopreservation procedures due to the cold shock during freezing and hot shock when the samples thawed (Chao and Liao, 2001)....
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...Other causes of cryoinjuries include pH fluctuation, ice crystal formation, osmotic pressure and cryoprotectant toxicity (Chao and Liao, 2001)....
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...: +62-0651-555622 e-mail: icin@eudoramail.com 2005 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS Surakarta Key words: fish, sperm, cryopreservation, extenders and cryoprotectants....
[...]
...For example 1 part milt: 1 part extender for the sperm of grey mullet, black porgy, and tilapia; 1:4 for milkfish; and 1:20 for grouper (Chao and Liao, 2001)....
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...According to Chao and Liao (2001), cryopreservation of fish sperm has been well established for many years in many finfish species....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Cryopreservation of sperm in common carp Cyprinus carpio: sperm motility and hatching success of embryos.

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Otomar Linhart¹, Marek Rodina¹, Jacky Cosson²•Institutions (2)

Sewanee: The University of the South¹, Centre national de la recherche scientifique²

01 Nov 2000-Cryobiology

TL;DR: In this study, fish sperm cryopreservation methods were elaborated upon for ex situ conservation of nine strains of Bohemian common carp and showed significant differences between fresh and frozen/thawed sperm regarding fertilization rate and insignificant differences on the hatching rate.

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196 citations

"REVIEW: Current Status of Extenders..." refers background in this paper

...It was postulated that fatty acids protect the cell from osmotic pressure of extenders and cryoprotectants solution and hot or cold shock during freezing and thawing further prevent cell dehydration and damages....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Cryopreservation of spermatozoa in cyprinid fishes

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Franz Lahnsteiner¹, B. Berger, Ákos Horváth², Béla Urbányi², T. Weismann - Show less +1 more•Institutions (2)

University of Salzburg¹, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad²

01 Dec 2000-Theriogenology

TL;DR: This cryopreservation protocol resulted in frozen-thawed semen with 35 to 65% motile and 5 to 25% locally motile spermatozoa depending on the quality of fresh semen.

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119 citations

"REVIEW: Current Status of Extenders..." refers background or methods in this paper

...Another extender that can be used is saline solution consisting of 75 mmol/L NaCl, 70 mmol/L KCl, 2 mmol CaCl2, 1 mmol/L MgSO4, and 20 mmol/L tris (pH 8) which is suitable for cyprinid fish spermatozoa (Lahnsteiner et al., 2000)....
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...…major causes of spermatozoa damage during cryopreservation, and the ability of spermatozoa plasma membrane to resist structural damage during cryopreservation may be related to the type of fatty acids in the spermatozoa plasma membrane and the strength of the bonds between membrane components....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Sperm cryopreservation of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus : cryoprotectants, freezing rates and sperm:egg dilution ratio

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A.T.M. Viveiros¹, N. So, J. Komen¹•Institutions (1)

Wageningen University and Research Centre¹

01 Dec 2000-Theriogenology

TL;DR: In this paper, a method for cryopreserving spermatozoa and optimizing sperm:egg dilution ratio in African catfish Clarias gariepinus was developed.

...read moreread less

112 citations