Review of mobile mapping and surveying technologies
TL;DR: It is suggested that mobile laser scanning systems can mainly be divided into two categories (mapping and surveying) depending on their final purpose, accuracy, range and resolution requirements.
About: This article is published in Measurement.The article was published on 2013-08-01. It has received 337 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Mobile mapping & Lidar.
Citations
More filters
TL;DR: This review presents a more in-depth description of current mobile LiDAR studies on road information inventory, including the detection and extraction of road surfaces, small structures on the road surfaces and pole-like objects.
Abstract: Mobile LiDAR technology is currently one of the attractive topics in the fields of remote sensing and laser scanning. Mobile LiDAR enables a rapid collection of enormous volumes of highly dense, irregularly distributed, accurate geo-referenced data, in the form of three-dimensional (3D) point clouds. This technology has been gaining popularity in the recognition of roads and road-scene objects. A thorough review of available literature is conducted to inform the advancements in mobile LiDAR technologies and their applications in road information inventory. The literature review starts with a brief overview of mobile LiDAR technology, including system components, direct geo-referencing, data error analysis and geometrical accuracy validation. Then, this review presents a more in-depth description of current mobile LiDAR studies on road information inventory, including the detection and extraction of road surfaces, small structures on the road surfaces and pole-like objects. Finally, the challenges ...
162 citations
Cites methods from "Review of mobile mapping and survey..."
...Puente et al. (2013b) assessed the performance of a Lynx Mobile Mapping system from Optech Inc....
[...]
TL;DR: This review summarizes the state of the art for MLS data processing approaches, including feature extraction, segmentation, object recognition, and classification, and describes relevant generalized algorithms for feature extraction and segmentation that are applicable to and implemented in many processing approaches.
Abstract: Mobile Laser Scanning (MLS) is a versatile remote sensing technology based on Light Detection and Ranging (lidar) technology that has been utilized for a wide range of applications. Several previous reviews focused on applications or characteristics of these systems exist in the literature, however, reviews of the many innovative data processing strategies described in the literature have not been conducted in sufficient depth. To this end, we review and summarize the state of the art for MLS data processing approaches, including feature extraction, segmentation, object recognition, and classification. In this review, we first discuss the impact of the scene type to the development of an MLS data processing method. Then, where appropriate, we describe relevant generalized algorithms for feature extraction and segmentation that are applicable to and implemented in many processing approaches. The methods for object recognition and point cloud classification are further reviewed including both the general concepts as well as technical details. In addition, available benchmark datasets for object recognition and classification are summarized. Further, the current limitations and challenges that a significant portion of point cloud processing techniques face are discussed. This review concludes with our future outlook of the trends and opportunities of MLS data processing algorithms and applications.
160 citations
Cites background from "Review of mobile mapping and survey..."
...[7] compare the performance of select MLS systems available at the time of review and categorize them into mapping and surveying capabilities in terms of accuracy, range, and resolution....
[...]
...[7] described and compared configurations for several MLS systems....
[...]
TL;DR: A thorough review of available literature was conducted to inform of advancements in mobile LIDAR technology, techniques, and current and emerging applications in transportation.
Abstract: A thorough review of available literature was conducted to inform of advancements in mobile LIDAR technology, techniques, and current and emerging applications in transportation. The literature review touches briefly on the basics of LIDAR technology followed by a more in depth description of current mobile LIDAR trends, including system components and software. An overview of existing quality control procedures used to verify the accuracy of the collected data is presented. A collection of case studies provides a clear description of the advantages of mobile LIDAR, including an increase in safety and efficiency. The final sections of the review identify current challenges the industry is facing, the guidelines that currently exist, and what else is needed to streamline the adoption of mobile LIDAR by transportation agencies. Unfortunately, many of these guidelines do not cover the specific challenges and concerns of mobile LIDAR use as many have been developed for airborne LIDAR acquisition and processing. From this review, there is a lot of discussion on “what” is being done in practice, but not a lot on “how” and “how well” it is being done. A willingness to share information going forward will be important for the successful use of mobile LIDAR.
155 citations
Cites result from "Review of mobile mapping and survey..."
...[13] compare and contrast seven commercially produced MLS systems, and though there are many MLS mapping systems, most systems consist of five distinct components:...
[...]
TL;DR: The main contribution of this review demonstrates that the MLS systems are suitable for supporting road asset inventory, ITS-related applications, high-definition maps, and other highly accurate localization services.
Abstract: The mobile laser scanning (MLS) technique has attracted considerable attention for providing high-density, high-accuracy, unstructured, three-dimensional (3D) geo-referenced point-cloud coverage of the road environment. Recently, there has been an increasing number of applications of MLS in the detection and extraction of urban objects. This paper presents a systematic review of existing MLS related literature. This paper consists of three parts. Part 1 presents a brief overview of the state-of-the-art commercial MLS systems. Part 2 provides a detailed analysis of on-road and off-road information inventory methods, including the detection and extraction of on-road objects (e.g., road surface, road markings, driving lines, and road crack) and off-road objects (e.g., pole-like objects and power lines). Part 3 presents a refined integrated analysis of challenges and future trends. Our review shows that MLS technology is well proven in urban object detection and extraction, since the improvement of hardware and software accelerate the efficiency and accuracy of data collection and processing. When compared to other review papers focusing on MLS applications, we review the state-of-the-art road object detection and extraction methods using MLS data and discuss their performance and applicability. The main contribution of this review demonstrates that the MLS systems are suitable for supporting road asset inventory, ITS-related applications, high-definition maps, and other highly accurate localization services.
144 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an analysis-by-synthesis approach was proposed to track occluded objects in real time using a standard 2D camera and a laser pointer, by repeatedly simulating light transport through the scene and determining the set of object parameters that most closely fit the measured intensity distribution.
Abstract: The observation of objects located in inaccessible regions is a recurring challenge in a wide variety of important applications. Recent work has shown that using rare and expensive optical setups, indirect diffuse light reflections can be used to reconstruct objects and two-dimensional (2D) patterns around a corner. Here we show that occluded objects can be tracked in real time using much simpler means, namely a standard 2D camera and a laser pointer. Our method fundamentally differs from previous solutions by approaching the problem in an analysis-by-synthesis sense. By repeatedly simulating light transport through the scene, we determine the set of object parameters that most closely fits the measured intensity distribution. We experimentally demonstrate that this approach is capable of following the translation of unknown objects and translation and orientation of a known object, in real time.
139 citations
References
More filters
Book•
01 Jan 1997
TL;DR: In this paper, the physical principles of inertial navigation, the associated growth of errors and their compensation, and their application in a broad range of applications are discussed, drawing current technological developments and providing an indication of potential future trends.
Abstract: Inertial navigation is widely used for the guidance of aircraft, missiles ships and land vehicles, as well as in a number of novel applications such as surveying underground pipelines in drilling operations. This book discusses the physical principles of inertial navigation, the associated growth of errors and their compensation. It draws current technological developments, provides an indication of potential future trends and covers a broad range of applications. New chapters on MEMS (microelectromechanical systems) technology and inertial system applications are included.
2,536 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this article, an algorithm which estimated position, height, and crown diameter of individual trees was proposed to detect and measure individual trees in a high-resolution airborne laser scanner data.
Abstract: High-resolution airborne laser scanner data offer the possibility to detect and measure individual trees. In this study an algorithm which estimated position, height, and crown diameter of individu ...
753 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a framework for structure recognition from mobile laser scanned point clouds is presented, which starts with an initial rough classification into three larger categories: ground surface, objects on ground, and objects off ground.
Abstract: Road safety inspection is currently carried out by time-consuming visual inspection. The latest mobile mapping systems provide an efficient technique for acquiring very dense point clouds along road corridors, so that automated procedures for recognizing and extracting structures can be developed. This paper presents a framework for structure recognition from mobile laser scanned point clouds. It starts with an initial rough classification into three larger categories: ground surface, objects on ground, and objects off ground. Based on a collection of characteristics of point cloud segments like size, shape, orientation and topological relationships, the objects on ground are assigned to more detailed classes such as traffic signs, trees, building walls and barriers. Two mobile laser scanning data sets acquired by different systems are tested with the recognition methods. Performance analyses of the test results are provided to demonstrate the applicability and limits of the methods. While poles are recognized for up to 86%, classification into further categories requires further work and integration with imagery.
323 citations
TL;DR: A review of large-scale engineering metrology since the 1978 report of Puttock is given in this article, where techniques for high-accuracy straightness measurement, precision leveling and absolute distance metrology are described, together with approaches to compensation for the effects of atmospheric refraction.
248 citations
09 Jun 2004
TL;DR: The improved state estimation performance of the SPKF is demonstrated by applying it to the problem of loosely coupled GPS/INS integration and an approximate 30% error reduction in both attitude and position estimates relative to the baseline EKF implementation is demonstrated.
Abstract: Core to integrated navigation systems is the concept of fusing noisy observations from GPS, Inertial Measurement Units (IMU), and other available sensors. The current industry standard and most widely used algorithm for this purpose is the extended Kalman filter (EKF) [6]. The EKF combines the sensor measurements with predictions coming from a model of vehicle motion (either dynamic or kinematic), in order to generate an estimate of the current navigational state (position, velocity, and attitude). This paper points out the inherent shortcomings in using the EKF and presents, as an alternative, a family of improved derivativeless nonlinear Kalman filters called sigma-point Kalman filters (SPKF). We demonstrate the improved state estimation performance of the SPKF by applying it to the problem of loosely coupled GPS/INS integration. A novel method to account for latency in the GPS updates is also developed for the SPKF (such latency compensation is typically inaccurate or not practical with the EKF). A UAV (rotor-craft) test platform is used to demonstrate the results. Performance metrics indicate an approximate 30% error reduction in both attitude and position estimates relative to the baseline EKF implementation.
242 citations