Review of multilevel voltage source inverter topologies and control schemes
TL;DR: In this paper, the most common multilevel inverter topologies and control schemes have been reviewed, and the selection of topology and control techniques may vary according to power demands of inverter.
About: This article is published in Energy Conversion and Management.The article was published on 2011-02-01. It has received 574 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Grid-tie inverter & Inverter.
Citations
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01 Jan 1992
TL;DR: In this paper, a multilevel commutation cell is introduced for high-voltage power conversion, which can be applied to either choppers or voltage-source inverters and generalized to any number of switches.
Abstract: The authors discuss high-voltage power conversion. Conventional series connection and three-level voltage source inverter techniques are reviewed and compared. A novel versatile multilevel commutation cell is introduced: it is shown that this topology is safer and more simple to control, and delivers purer output waveforms. The authors show how this technique can be applied to either choppers or voltage-source inverters and generalized to any number of switches.<>
1,202 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a review of different reduced switch MLI topologies under three categories such as symmetric, asymmetric and hybrid configurations is presented, where the important knowledge on these topologies is carefully tabulated based on the three categories in the comparison tables to understand the essential parameters of the MLI.
Abstract: Recently multilevel inverters (MLI) have attracted more attention in research and industry, as they are changing into a viable technology for several applications. The concept of MLI was introduced for high power and high/medium voltage applications as they can provide an effective interface with renewable energy sources. Developing of reduced switch MLI topology has been a rapid research topic since the past decade, which has not been reviewed so far. Therefore, this review article focuses on the different reduced switch MLI topologies under three categories such as symmetric, asymmetric and hybrid configurations. The important knowledge on these topologies is carefully tabulated based on the three categories in the comparison tables to understand the essential parameters of the MLI topologies. These configurations are not only generating higher voltage levels to improve the power quality but also to reduce the passive filter requirements. Also, this review includes a detailed perspective of various modulation techniques and control strategies for MLI topologies. In addition to that, the different performance parameters of MLI and its calculation methods are discussed with appropriate mathematical expression. This review will help in the selection of appropriate MLI topology for FACTS, motor drives and renewable applications.
214 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of the literature covering the various types of interfaces developed for electrochemical energy storage systems is presented, including standard, multilevel and multiport technology.
203 citations
Cites background or methods from "Review of multilevel voltage source..."
...This technique it is considered very appropriate for the NPC topology, appropriate for the flying capacitor topology and undesirable regarding the harmonic reducing or affectivity issues for the cascaded H-bridge converter structure and modular multilevel converter [113]....
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...However, due to their characteristics, such as absence of shortcomings in solid state switching device ratings, output voltages with very low distortions and operation at reduced switching frequency, their use rapidly spread for other kind of applications [113]....
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compared three different topologies that are used to control a hybrid energy storage system (HESS) formed by a SuperCapacitor (SC) bank and a Vanadium Redox Battery (VRB).
154 citations
TL;DR: Nine well-known bio-inspired intelligent algorithms are presented and their application in inverters for harmonic elimination (HE) is discussed, which will help researchers to design the efficient RE conversion system.
Abstract: Observing present scarcity of fossil fuel and emissions of greenhouse gases, electricity generated from Renewable Energy (RE) sources turns out to be the best alternative for generating the power. In RE system, the inverter is normally used to condition the DC power into AC to meet the requirements of load and transmission system. The inverter offers myriad benefits; however, the presence of harmonics (particularly low-order) in the output voltage affects the efficiency and performance of inverter, causes switching losses and decreases the lifetime of the system. In last three decades, significant research has been done to develop the efficient control technique for eliminating the unwanted harmonics. The preliminary review of existing control techniques revealed that the selective harmonic elimination pulse-width modulation (SHEPWM) is more proficient to eliminate the low-order harmonics. However, non-linear transcendental equations used in this technique pose a challenge to solve particularly for calculus-based methods. With the advent of powerful and low-cost computers, bio-inspired intelligent algorithms (BIAs) seem to be a better approach for solving these complex equations. This review paper presents the detailed principle operation of nine well-known BIAs and discusses their application in inverters for harmonic elimination (HE). Moreover, different objective functions are also discussed in this paper which is used by the researchers for HE. Additionally, the performance of five renowned BIAs, namely, Imperialist Competitive Algorithm, Particle Swarm Optimization, Differential Evolution, Bee Algorithm and Genetic Algorithm is critically evaluated. Their performance is analyzed in terms of accuracy, computational complexity, convergence speed, and a number of control parameters. The conclusion has been made on the basis of information extracted from the literature and evaluation results with future recommendations. This single paper covers all the essential information regarding HE in inverters, which will help researchers to design the efficient RE conversion system.
135 citations
References
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TL;DR: An overview of the structures for the DPGS based on fuel cell, photovoltaic, and wind turbines is given and the possibility of compensation for low-order harmonics is discussed.
Abstract: Renewable energy sources like wind, sun, and hydro are seen as a reliable alternative to the traditional energy sources such as oil, natural gas, or coal. Distributed power generation systems (DPGSs) based on renewable energy sources experience a large development worldwide, with Germany, Denmark, Japan, and USA as leaders in the development in this field. Due to the increasing number of DPGSs connected to the utility network, new and stricter standards in respect to power quality, safe running, and islanding protection are issued. As a consequence, the control of distributed generation systems should be improved to meet the requirements for grid interconnection. This paper gives an overview of the structures for the DPGS based on fuel cell, photovoltaic, and wind turbines. In addition, control structures of the grid-side converter are presented, and the possibility of compensation for low-order harmonics is also discussed. Moreover, control strategies when running on grid faults are treated. This paper ends up with an overview of synchronization methods and a discussion about their importance in the control
4,655 citations
01 Jan 1980
TL;DR: In this article, a neutral-point-clamped PWM inverter composed of main switching devices which operate as switches for PWM and auxiliary switching devices to clamp the output terminal potential to the neutral point potential has been developed.
Abstract: A new neutral-point-clamped pulsewidth modulation (PWM) inverter composed of main switching devices which operate as switches for PWM and auxiliary switching devices to clamp the output terminal potential to the neutral point potential has been developed. This inverter output contains less harmonic content as compared with that of a conventional type. Two inverters are compared analytically and experimentally. In addition, a new PWM technique suitable for an ac drive system is applied to this inverter. The neutral-point-clamped PWM inverter adopting the new PWM technique shows an excellent drive system efficiency, including motor efficiency, and is appropriate for a wide-range variable-speed drive system.
4,432 citations
TL;DR: The neutral-point-clamped PWM inverter adopting the new PWM technique shows an excellent drive system efficiency, including motor efficiency, and is appropriate for a wide-range variable-speed drive system.
Abstract: A new neutral-point-clamped pulsewidth modulation (PWM) inverter composed of main switching devices which operate as switches for PWM and auxiliary switching devices to clamp the output terminal potential to the neutral point potential has been developed. This inverter output contains less harmonic content as compared with that of a conventional type. Two inverters are compared analytically and experimentally. In addition, a new PWM technique suitable for an ac drive system is applied to this inverter. The neutral-point-clamped PWM inverter adopting the new PWM technique shows an excellent drive system efficiency, including motor efficiency, and is appropriate for a wide-range variable-speed drive system.
4,328 citations
08 Oct 1995
TL;DR: This paper presents three multilevel voltage source converters: (1) diode-clamp, (2) flying-capacitors, and (3) cascaded-inverters with separate DC sources.
Abstract: Multilevel voltage source converters are emerging as a new breed of power converter options for high-power applications. The multilevel voltage source converters typically synthesize the staircase voltage wave from several levels of DC capacitor voltages. One of the major limitations of the multilevel converters is the voltage unbalance between different levels. The techniques to balance the voltage between different levels normally involve voltage clamping or capacitor charge control. There are several ways of implementing voltage balance in multilevel converters. Without considering the traditional magnetic coupled converters, this paper presents three recently developed multilevel voltage source converters: (1) diode-clamp, (2) flying-capacitors, and (3) cascaded-inverters with separate DC sources. The operating principle, features, constraints, and potential applications of these converters are discussed.
3,232 citations
Book•
01 Jan 2015
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a simulation of a six-step Thyristor Inverter with three-level Inverters and three-phase Bridge Invergers. And they present a Neural Network in Identification and Control toolbox.
Abstract: (NOTE: Each chapter begins with an Introduction and concludes with a Summary and References.) Preface. List of Principal Symbols. 1. Power Semiconductor Devices. Diodes. Thyristors. Triacs. Gate Turn-Off Thyristors (GTOs). Bipolar Power or Junction Transistors (BPTs or BJTs). Power MOSFETs. Static Induction Transistors (SITs). Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors (IGBTs). MOS-Controlled Thyristors (MCTs). Integrated Gate-Commutated Thyristors (IGCTs). Large Band-Gap Materials for Devices. Power Integrated Circuits (PICs). 2. AC Machines for Drives. Induction Machines. Synchronous Machines. Variable Reluctance Machine (VRM). 3. Diodes and Phase-Controlled Converters. Diode Rectifiers. Thyristor Converters. Converter Control. EMI and Line Power Quality Problems. 4. Cycloconverters. Phase-Controlled Cycloconverters. Matrix Converters. High-Frequency Cycloconverters. 5. Voltage-Fed Converters. Single-Phase Inverters. Three-Phase Bridge Inverters. Multi-Stepped Inverters. Pulse Width Modulation Techniques. Three-Level Inverters. Hard Switching Effects. Resonant Inverters. Soft-Switched Inverters. Dynamic and Regenerative Drive Braking. PWM Rectifiers. Static VAR Compensators and Active Harmonic Filters. Introduction to Simulation-MATLAB/SIMULINK. 6. Current-Fed Converters. General Operation of a Six-Step Thyristor Inverter. Load-Commutated Inverters. Force-Commutated Inverters. Harmonic Heating and Torque Pulsation. Multi-Stepped Inverters. Inverters with Self-Commutated Devices. Current-Fed vs Voltage-Fed Converters. 7. Induction Motor Slip-Power Recovery Drives. Doubly-Fed Machine Speed Control by Rotor Rheostat. Static Kramer Drive. Static Scherius Drive. 8. Control and Estimation of Induction Motor Drives. Induction Motor Control with Small Signal Model. Scalar Control. Vector or Field-Oriented Control. Sensorless Vector Control. Direct Torque and Flux Control (DTC). Adaptive Control. Self-Commissioning of Drive. 9. Control and Estimation of Synchronous Motor Drives. Sinusoidal SPM Machine Drives. Synchronous Reluctance Machine Drives. Sinusoidal IPM Machine Drives. Trapezoidal SPM Machine Drives. Wound-Field Synchronous Machine Drives. Sensorless Control. Switched Reluctance Motor (SRM) Drives. 10. Expert System Principles and Applications. Expert System Principles. Expert System Shell. Design Methodology. Applications. Glossary. 11. Fuzzy Logic Principles and Applications. Fuzzy Sets. Fuzzy System. Fuzzy Control. General Design Methodology. Applications. Fuzzy Logic Toolbox. Glossary. 12. Neural Network Principles and Applications. The Structure of a Neuron. Artificial Neural Network. Other Networks. Neural Network in Identification and Control. General Design Methodology. Applications. Neuro-Fuzzy Systems. Demo Program with Neural Network Toolbox. Glossary. Index.
2,836 citations