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Journal ArticleDOI

Review on thermal energy storage with phase change: materials, heat transfer analysis and applications

TL;DR: In this paper, a review of the history of thermal energy storage with solid-liquid phase change has been carried out and three aspects have been the focus of this review: materials, heat transfer and applications.
About: This article is published in Applied Thermal Engineering.The article was published on 2003-02-01. It has received 4019 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Heat transfer & Thermal energy storage.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
24 Jun 2011-Science
TL;DR: This work synthesized a porous carbon with a Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area, a high electrical conductivity, and a low oxygen and hydrogen content that has high values of gravimetric capacitance and energy density with organic and ionic liquid electrolytes.
Abstract: Supercapacitors, also called ultracapacitors or electrochemical capacitors, store electrical charge on high-surface-area conducting materials. Their widespread use is limited by their low energy storage density and relatively high effective series resistance. Using chemical activation of exfoliated graphite oxide, we synthesized a porous carbon with a Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area of up to 3100 square meters per gram, a high electrical conductivity, and a low oxygen and hydrogen content. This sp 2 -bonded carbon has a continuous three-dimensional network of highly curved, atom-thick walls that form primarily 0.6- to 5-nanometer-width pores. Two-electrode supercapacitor cells constructed with this carbon yielded high values of gravimetric capacitance and energy density with organic and ionic liquid electrolytes. The processes used to make this carbon are readily scalable to industrial levels.

5,486 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of the phase change materials (PCM) and their application in energy storage is presented, where the main advantages of encapsulation are providing large heat transfer area, reduction of the PCMs reactivity towards the outside environment and controlling the changes in volume of the storage materials as phase change occurs.

2,636 citations


Cites background from "Review on thermal energy storage wi..."

  • ...Insufficient long term stability of the storage materials is due to two factors: poor stability of the materials properties and/or corrosion between the PCM and the container [29]....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the phase change problem has been formulated using pure conduction approach but the problem has moved to a different level of complexity with added convection in the melt being accounted for, which makes it difficult for comparison to be made to assess the suitability of PCMs to particular applications.
Abstract: This paper reviews the development of latent heat thermal energy storage systems studied detailing various phase change materials (PCMs) investigated over the last three decades, the heat transfer and enhancement techniques employed in PCMs to effectively charge and discharge latent heat energy and the formulation of the phase change problem. It also examines the geometry and configurations of PCM containers and a series of numerical and experimental tests undertaken to assess the effects of parameters such as the inlet temperature and the mass flow rate of the heat transfer fluid (HTF). It is concluded that most of the phase change problems have been carried out at temperature ranges between 0 °C and 60 °C suitable for domestic heating applications. In terms of problem formulation, the common approach has been the use of enthalpy formulation. Heat transfer in the phase change problem was previously formulated using pure conduction approach but the problem has moved to a different level of complexity with added convection in the melt being accounted for. There is no standard method (such as British Standards or EU standards) developed to test for PCMs, making it difficult for comparison to be made to assess the suitability of PCMs to particular applications. A unified platform such as British Standards, EU standards needs to be developed to ensure same or similar procedure and analysis (performance curves) to allow comparison and knowledge gained from one test to be applied to another.

1,630 citations


Cites background from "Review on thermal energy storage wi..."

  • ...5) [54,65] 220 100....

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  • ...KOH [54,65] 380 149....

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  • ...A detailed list of PCMs studied or proposed for study can be found in [51,62–65]....

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  • ...681) [54,65] 235 198 – 0....

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  • ...NaNO3 [54,65] 310 172 1....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors summarized previous works on latent thermal energy storage in building applications, covering PCMs, the impregnation methods, current building applications and their thermal performance analyses, as well as numerical simulation of buildings with PCMs.

1,569 citations


Cites background from "Review on thermal energy storage wi..."

  • ...Paraffin C16-C18 Organic 20-22 152 ------[6,10,13]...

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  • ...1897 (l) [6,10,13] 45/55 capric + lauric acid Organic eutectic 21 143 ------[6,10,13]...

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  • ...Most reviews [8, 10, 11, 14, 17] mainly focused on the PCMs rather than the building applications....

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  • ...Butyl stearate Organic 19 140 ------[6,10,13] 1-Dodecanol Organic 26 200 ------[10,13]...

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  • ...n-Octadecane Organic 28 200 ------[10] Vinyl stearate Organic 27-29 122 ------[6,10,13]...

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the different storage concepts are reviewed and classified, and modellization of such systems is reviewed, and all materials considered in literature or plants are listed. But only a few plants in the world have tested high temperature thermal energy storage systems.
Abstract: Concentrated solar thermal power generation is becoming a very attractive renewable energy production system among all the different renewable options, as it has have a better potential for dispatchability. This dispatchability is inevitably linked with an efficient and cost-effective thermal storage system. Thus, of all components, thermal storage is a key one. However, it is also one of the less developed. Only a few plants in the world have tested high temperature thermal energy storage systems. In this paper, the different storage concepts are reviewed and classified. All materials considered in literature or plants are listed. And finally, modellization of such systems is reviewed.

1,445 citations

References
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Journal ArticleDOI
A. Abhat1
TL;DR: In this article, the melting and freezing behavior of various heat-of-fusion storage materials is investigated using the techniques of Thermal Analysis and Differential Scanning Calorimetry.

1,455 citations


"Review on thermal energy storage wi..." refers background or methods in this paper

  • ...Among the most thorough references related with phase change materials, one can cite Abhat [1], Lane [2,3] and Dincer and Rosen [4]....

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  • ...In 1983 Abhat [1] gave a useful classification of the substances used for TES, shown in Fig....

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  • ...61 (30 C) [5] 996 (30 C) [5] 917 (solid, 0 C) [1] LiClO3 3H2O 8....

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  • ...1455 (solid, 18 C) [1] 1480 [6] Mn(NO3)2 6H2O 25....

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  • ...Among the most thorough references related with phase change materials, one can cite Abhat [1], Lane [2,3] and Dincer and Rosen [4]....

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Book
29 Apr 2002
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present an overview of thermal energy storage systems and their application in the context of thermal engineering, including thermal transfer with phase change in simple and complex geometries.
Abstract: List of Contributors.Acknowledgements.Preface.General Introductory Aspects for Thermal Engineering. Energy Storage Systems. Thermal Energy Storage (TES) Methods. Thermal Energy Storage and Environmental Impact. Thermal Energy Storage and Energy Savings. Heat Transfer and Stratification in Sensible Heat Storage Systems. Modeling of Latent Heat Storage Systems. Heat Transfer with Phase Change in Simple and Complex Geometries. Thermodynamic Optimization of Thermal Energy Storage Systems. Energy and Exergy Analyses of Thermal Energy Storage Systems. Thermal Energy Storage Case Studies.Appendix A -- Conversion Factors.Appendix B -- Thermophysical Properties.Appendix C -- Glossary.Subject Index.

1,307 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the development of available thermal energy storage (TES) technologies and their individual pros and cons for space and water heating applications are reviewed and compared for low temperature applications, where water is used as a storage medium.

1,156 citations

Book
28 Mar 1988
TL;DR: In this article, a comprehensive presentation of numerical methods suitable for the analysis of various heat transverse and fluid flow problems that occur in research, practice, and university instruction is given.
Abstract: A comprehensive presentation is given of virtually all numerical methods that are suitable for the analysis of the various heat transverse and fluid flow problems that occur in research, practice, and university instruction. After reviewing basic methodologies, the following topics are covered: finite difference and finite element methods for parabolic, elliptic, and hyperbolic systems; a comparative appraisal of finite difference versus finite element methods; integral and integrodifferential systems; perturbation methods; Monte Carlo methods; finite analytic methods; moving boundary problems; inverse problems; graphical display methods; grid generation methods; and programing methods for supercomputers.

718 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a supported phase change material (PCM) made of paraffin impregnated by capillary forces in a compressed expansed natural graphite (CENG) matrix is presented.

560 citations


"Review on thermal energy storage wi..." refers background in this paper

  • ...[157] proposed a graphite-compound-material, where the PCM is embedded inside a graphite matrix....

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