Ribosome Biogenesis in the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae
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TLDR
Yeast ribosome biogenesis provide useful models for ribosomopathies, diseases in humans that result from failure to properly assemble ribosomes.Abstract:
Ribosomes are highly conserved ribonucleoprotein nanomachines that translate information in the genome to create the proteome in all cells. In yeast these complex particles contain four RNAs (>5400 nucleotides) and 79 different proteins. During the past 25 years, studies in yeast have led the way to understanding how these molecules are assembled into ribosomes in vivo. Assembly begins with transcription of ribosomal RNA in the nucleolus, where the RNA then undergoes complex pathways of folding, coupled with nucleotide modification, removal of spacer sequences, and binding to ribosomal proteins. More than 200 assembly factors and 76 small nucleolar RNAs transiently associate with assembling ribosomes, to enable their accurate and efficient construction. Following export of preribosomes from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, they undergo final stages of maturation before entering the pool of functioning ribosomes. Elaborate mechanisms exist to monitor the formation of correct structural and functional neighborhoods within ribosomes and to destroy preribosomes that fail to assemble properly. Studies of yeast ribosome biogenesis provide useful models for ribosomopathies, diseases in humans that result from failure to properly assemble ribosomes.read more
Citations
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A census of human RNA-binding proteins.
TL;DR: This work presents a census of 1,542 manually curated RBPs that are analysed for their interactions with different classes of RNA, their evolutionary conservation, their abundance and their tissue-specific expression, a critical step towards the comprehensive characterization of proteins involved in human RNA metabolism.
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Tuning the ribosome: The influence of rRNA modification on eukaryotic ribosome biogenesis and function
Katherine E. Sloan,Ahmed S. Warda,Sunny Sharma,Karl-Dieter Entian,Denis L. J. Lafontaine,Markus T. Bohnsack +5 more
TL;DR: Changes in the rRNA modification pattern have been observed in response to environmental changes, during development, and in disease, which suggests that rRNA modifications may contribute to the translational control of gene expression.
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RNA transcription modulates phase transition-driven nuclear body assembly
TL;DR: The assembly dynamics of liquid-phase nuclear bodies are quantified and find that they can be explained by classical models of phase separation and coarsening, and rRNA transcription and other nonequilibrium biological activity can modulate the effective thermodynamic parameters governing nucleolar and END assembly, but do not appear to fundamentally alter the passive phase separation mechanism.
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Ribosome assembly coming into focus.
TL;DR: These studies highlight the roles of RNA compaction, checkpoints and proofreading mechanisms of pre-ribosomal particles in the nucleolus, nucleus and cytoplasm of yeast ribosome assembly intermediates.
References
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TL;DR: The crystal structure of the 80S ribosome from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is reported, which reveals the architecture of eukaryote-specific elements and their interaction with the universally conserved core, and describes all eukariotes-specific bridges between the two ribosomal subunits.