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Journal ArticleDOI

Risk assessment of non-point source pollution based on landscape pattern in the Hanjiang River basin, China.

24 Jul 2021-Environmental Science and Pollution Research (Springer Berlin Heidelberg)-Vol. 28, Iss: 45, pp 64322-64336
TL;DR: Wang et al. as mentioned in this paper analyzed the contribution of the source-sink landscape to NPS pollution through the location-weighted landscape contrast index, and they used the pollution risk index to identify and evaluate the regional non-point source pollution risk considering the slope, cost distance, soil erosion, and precipitation erosion affect migration of pollutants.
Abstract: Non-point source (NPS) pollution has become a vital contaminant source affecting the water environment because of its wide distribution, hydrodynamic complexity, and difficulty in prevention and control. In this study, the identification and evaluation of NPS pollution risk based on landscape pattern were carried out in the Hanjiang River basin above Ankang hydrological section, Shaanxi province, China. Landscape distribution information was obtained through land use data, analyzing the contribution of “source-sink” landscape to NPS pollution through the location-weighted landscape contrast index. Using the NPS pollution risk index to identify and evaluate the regional NPS pollution risk considering the slope, cost distance, soil erosion, and precipitation erosion affect migration of pollutants. The results showed that (i) the pollution risk was generally high in the whole watershed, and the sub-watersheds dominated by “source” landscapes account for 74.61% of the whole basin; (ii) the high-risk areas were distributed in the central, eastern, and western regions of the river basin; the extremely high-risk areas accounted for 12.7% of the whole watershed; and the southern and northern regions were dominated by forestland and grassland with little pollution risk; (iii) “source” landscapes were mostly distributed in areas close to the river course, which had a great impact on environment, and the landscape pattern units near the water body needed to be further adjusted to reduce the influence of NPS pollution.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article , a framework which couples the modified potential non-point pollution indicator (PNPI) model with the future land-use simulation (FLUS) model was developed and applied for assessing the spatio-temporal variations of NSP risk caused by both historical and possible future land use change in a rapidly urbanized basin (i.e., the upper Beiyun River basin, Beijing) during 1980-2030).

4 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper , a new minimum cumulative resistance to agricultural non-point source pollution (AGNPSP-MCR) model is proposed to simulate the transport process of cropland NPSP into the sea based on the "source sink" theory in landscape ecology.

4 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper , a new minimum cumulative resistance to agricultural non-point source pollution (AGNPSP-MCR) model is proposed to simulate the transport process of cropland NPSP into the sea based on the "source sink" theory in landscape ecology.
Abstract: Agricultural non-point source pollution (AGNPSP) is an important risk factor affecting the water environment. Among the areas where cropland NPSP occurs, the coastal zone should be of greater concern. Typhoons, heavy precipitation, and abundant rivers and ponds accelerate the transport process of AGNPSP to the offshore waters. It is urgent to construct a simple and accurate model to assess the risk of AGNPSP in the coastal zones. Thus, this study takes the nitrogen pollution from agricultural cultivation in the coastal zone of the Yellow River Delta as an example. A new minimum cumulative resistance (MCR) to agricultural non-point source pollution (AGNPSP-MCR) model is first proposed to simulate the transport process of cropland NPSP into the sea based on the "source-sink" theory in landscape ecology. Finally, the risk is assessed for AGNPSP transport into the sea. The results show the following. (1) The environmental factors of vegetation cover, rainfall erosivity, and soil erodibility are the three most important factors in pollution transportation, weighted 0.3433, 0.2608, and 0.2219, respectively, while the least influential factor is slope, with a weight of only 0.0053. (2) The minimum cumulative resistance of AGNPSP transportation shows a significant positive correlation with the distance to the river and sea, and is higher on the west sides away from the ocean, and smaller in the eastern coastal area near the sea. (3) Similarly, the regions facing serious AGNPSP risk are concentrated in the eastern coastal area, and the cropland area above medium risk was 252.72 km2, accounting for 47.57% of the total cultivated land area. (4) Compared with the traditional MCR model, the AGNPSP-MCR model takes into account the quantitative differences of the transport process characteristics of AGNPSP, and it is constrained by the topographical parameter, so the results of AGNPSP risk are more reliable. This study provides a new reference for risk assessments of AGNPSP in the coastal zones.

4 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Wang et al. as discussed by the authors focused on the analysis of the characteristics of NPS between the runoff plot and small watershed and found that with the rainfall and surface runoff, the nutrient concentration increased first and then decreased, and the highest occurred in the first half of the whole rainfall process.
Abstract: Agricultural nonpoint source (NPS) pollution is still the main factor that affects the quality of rivers, lakes, and reservoirs. Starting from the study of the mechanism of NPS, taking the Yangliu small watershed in the Shaanxi section of the Hanjiang River Basin in China as an example, and based on the combination of measured data and models, this paper focused on the analysis of the characteristics of NPS between the runoff plot and small watershed. The results showed that with the rainfall and surface runoff, the nutrient concentration increased first and then decreased, and the highest occurred in the first half of the whole rainfall process. Rainfall, maximum rainfall intensity at 60 min (I60), runoff, and suspended sediment (SS) were all related to nutrient diversion loss. However, the correlation among rainfall, I60, and runoff and the content of various forms of nitrogen and phosphorus were significantly higher than that of SS. Crop interplanting and terrace planting could play a significant role in reducing sediment and nutrient loss. For the analysis of NPS pollution in small watersheds, the time-variant gain model (TVGM) was used to simulate the missing flow in some months of the basin during the flood season. The average concentration method was used to calculate the NPS pollution load in flood season. It was found that total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) accounted for more than 92% and 69%, respectively. This study is expected to provide scientific basis for NPS pollution control in areas both regionally and worldwide.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The concept of CE has recently been proposed as a new development strategy that aims to mitigate the contradiction between the rapid economic growth and the shortage of raw materials and energy.
Abstract: Nowadays, it is widely recognized that the current production and consumption models are no longer adequate because of the inefficient use of resources (especially energy) and its dramatical consequences, environmental load and social inequality (UNEP 2011). In this context, Circular Economy (CE) has started to be considered a sustainable economic paradigm (Geissdoerfer et al. 2017), enabled by novel business models (Lewandowski 2016) and responsible consumers (Borrello et al. 2017). As highlighted by McDowall et al. 2017), the origin of the concept emerged in Europe in the 1980s and 1990s, together with early policies of the EuropeanUnionmember states, drawing on ideas that can be traced to the 1970s. Driven by a desire to divert waste from landfill, the Netherlands and Germany pioneered concepts of waste prevention and reduction, with the waste hierarchy introduced to the Dutch Parliament in 1979. However, even acknowledging that CE was rooted in environmental economics, there is today a huge interdisciplinary framework underpinning CE. This new framework offers good prospect for gradual involvement of the present economic system, including production and consumption models. We can say that at the moment, CE has the supreme goal of promoting sustainable development through the dissociation of environmental pressure from economic growth (Ghisellini et al. 2016; Schandl et al. 2016; Bruel et al. 2019). According to Ghisellini et al. (2016), CE is a new economic system aiming to increase the efficiency of resource use to achieve improvements in the existing balance between economy, environment and society. In this line, the concept of CE has recently been proposed as a new development strategy that aims to mitigate the contradiction between the rapid economic growth and the shortage of raw materials and energy (Christis et al. 2019). Although there is no commonly accepted definition of CE so far, the core of CE is the closed flow of materials and the use of raw materials and energy through multiple phases (Gan et al. 2013). The ‘3R’ principles—reduction, reuse, and recycling of materials and energy—are often cited to describe the three possible approaches in practice (the goals of reduce, reuse, and especially recycle have become the only acceptable ways of disposing of waste (Yong 2007, Yellishetty et al. 2011, Samiha 2013, Ahmadi 2017, Huang et al. 2018). This concept has been pursued by many countries’ environmental policy makers as a potential strategy to solve existing environmental problems (Preston and Carr 2018). As one of the main objectives of governments is to promote the sustainable development of economy and society, it also helps to achieve sustainable environmental protection (Yuan et al. 2006). Once the high economic potential of CE has been recognized, in the European Union, different CE Action Plans have been proposed as new initiatives, changes or adaptations to legislation, mainly related to waste and landfills at the beginning. In 2015, a range of policy measures collectively known as the Circular Economy Package, and later replaced by the Closing the Loop-An Action Plan for the CE, were approved in Europe (COM2015). At present times the CE is a priority for Europe. Nearly 1 billion from Horizon 2020’s final Work Responsible editor: Philippe Garrigues

286 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Using land use types and landscape metrics, as well as statistical and spatial analysis, Wang et al. as mentioned in this paper determined the relationships between land use patterns and river water quality in the Taizi River basin, China, during dry and rainy seasons in 2009.

271 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: China needs to and is undertaking several initiatives to conserve its water supply for human health and national productivity.
Abstract: China needs to and is undertaking several initiatives to conserve its water supply for human health and national productivity.

229 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The combination of remote imagery data, geographic information systems software, and landscape ecology theory provides a unique basis for monitoring and assessing large-scale ecological systems as mentioned in this paper, and the unique feature of the work has been the need to develop and interpret quantitative measures of spatial pattern, the landscape indices.
Abstract: The combination of remote imagery data, geographic information systems software, and landscape ecology theory provides a unique basis for monitoring and assessing large-scale ecological systems. The unique feature of the work has been the need to develop and interpret quantitative measures of spatial pattern—the landscape indices. This article reviews what is known about the statistical properties of these pattern metrics and suggests some additional metrics based on island biogeography, percolation theory, hierarchy theory, and economic geography. Assessment applications of this approach have required interpreting the pattern metrics in terms of specific environmental endpoints, such as wildlife and water quality, and research into how to represent synergystic effects of many overlapping sources of stress.

195 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, an approach based on remote sensing and Geographical Information System (GIS) is presented to estimate and hindcast water quality changes using historical land use data for a watershed in eastern England.

184 citations