Book•
Risk evaluation and biological reference points for fisheries management
01 Jan 1993-
TL;DR: In this paper, 31 papers presented in three theme sessions by fisheries scientists from around the world at a Department of Fisheries and Oceans' workshop in 1991 addressed the use, strengths and weaknesses of commonly-used biological reference points; methods for identifying and quantifying uncertainties associated with using various reference points.
Abstract: This volume contains 31 papers presented in three theme sessions by fisheries scientists from around the world at a Department of Fisheries and Oceans' workshop in 1991 Papers presented address the use, strengths and weaknesses of commonly-used biological reference points; methods for identifying and quantifying uncertainties associated with using various reference points; and alternative management strategies or suggested strategies for dealing with novel situations Answers to specific questions relating to fisheries management, compiled by four working groups at the workshop, are included, as well as a list of participants
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TL;DR: Using the Bayesian approach to stock assessment and decision analysis it becomes possible to admit the full range of uncertainty and use the collective historical experience of fisheries science when estimating the consequences of proposed management actions.
Abstract: The Bayesian approach to stock assessment determines the probabilities of alternative hypotheses using information for the stock in question and from inferences for other stocks/species. These probabilities are essential if the consequences of alternative management actions are to be evaluated through a decision analysis. Using the Bayesian approach to stock assessment and decision analysis it becomes possible to admit the full range of uncertainty and use the collective historical experience of fisheries science when estimating the consequences of proposed management actions. Recent advances in computing algorithms and power have allowed methods based on the Bayesian approach to be used even for fairly complex stock assessment models and to be within the reach of most stock assessment scientists. However, to avoid coming to ill-founded conclusions, care must be taken when selecting prior distributions. In particular, selection of priors designed to be noninformative with respect to quantities of interest to management is problematic. The arguments of the paper are illustrated using New Zealand's western stock of hoki, Macruronus novaezelandiae (Merlucciidae) and the Bering--Chukchi--Beaufort Seas stock of bowhead whales as examples
587 citations
Cites background from "Risk evaluation and biological refe..."
...The papers in Smith et al. (1993) illustrate the diversity in what different scientists present to managers....
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TL;DR: Stock synthesis implements compensatory population dynamics through use of a function relating mean recruitment to spawner reproductive output that enhances the ability of SS to operate in data-weak situations and enables it to estimate fishery management quantities such as fishing rates that would provide for maximum sustainable yield.
560 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors review different approaches used in identifying and classifying stocks and advocate that an holistic approach (e.g., involving a broad spectrum of complementary techniques) be used in future stock identification studies.
542 citations
01 Jan 1997
TL;DR: The early life history of fishes and its role in recruitment processes, as well as parent-progeny relationships and selective processes, are studied to help understand recruitment in fish populations.
Abstract: The early life history of fishes and its role in recruitment processes. Recruitment in fish populations: the paradigm shift generated by ICES committee A. Parent-progeny relationships. Selective processes in the early life history. The contribution of early life history studies to our understanding of recruitment. Conclusions.
487 citations
TL;DR: This work attempts to distill existing results into general principles useful to designers of marine reserves, and provides general guidelines for design that will allow more rapid progress in future modeling studies.
Abstract: The theory underlying the design of marine reserves, whether the goal is to preserve biodiversity or to manage fisheries, is still in its infancy. For both of these goals, there is a need for general principles on which to base marine reserve design, and because of the paucity of empirical experience, these principles must be based on models. However, most of the theoretical studies to date have been specific to a single situation, with few attempts to deduce general principles. Here we attempt to distill existing results into general principles useful to designers of marine reserves. To answer the question of how fishery management using reserves compares to conventional management, we provide two prin- ciples: (1) the effect of reserves on yield per recruit is similar to increasing the age of first capture, and (2) the effect of reserves on yield is similar to reducing effort. Another two principles answer the question of how to design reserve configurations so that species with movement in various stages will be sustainable: (3) higher juvenile and adult movement lowers sustainability of reserves for biodiversity, but an intermediate level of adult move- ment is required for reserves for fishery management, and (4) longer larval dispersal distance requires larger reserves for sustainability. These principles provide general guidelines for design, and attention to them will allow more rapid progress in future modeling studies. Whether populations or communities will persist under any specific reserve design is un- certain, and we suggest ways of dealing with that uncertainty.
445 citations
References
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TL;DR: The population problem has no technical solution; it requires a fundamental extension in morality.
Abstract: The population problem has no technical solution; it requires a fundamental extension in morality.
22,421 citations
TL;DR: The traditional view of natural systems, therefore, might well be less a meaningful reality than a perceptual convenience.
Abstract: Individuals die, populations disappear, and species become extinct. That is one view of the world. But another view of the world concentrates not so much on presence or absence as upon the numbers of organisms and the degree of constancy of their numbers. These are two very different ways of viewing the behavior of systems and the usefulness of the view depends very much on the properties of the system concerned. If we are examining a particular device designed by the engineer to perform specific tasks under a rather narrow range of predictable external conditions, we are likely to be more concerned with consistent nonvariable performance in which slight departures from the performance goal are immediately counteracted. A quantitative view of the behavior of the system is, therefore, essential. With attention focused upon achieving constancy, the critical events seem to be the amplitude and frequency of oscillations. But if we are dealing with a system profoundly affected by changes external to it, and continually confronted by the unexpected, the constancy of its behavior becomes less important than the persistence of the relationships. Attention shifts, therefore, to the qualitative and to questions of existence or not. Our traditions of analysis in theoretical and empirical ecology have been largely inherited from developments in classical physics and its applied variants. Inevitably, there has been a tendency to emphasize the quantitative rather than the qualitative, for it is important in this tradition to know not just that a quantity is larger than another quantity, but precisely how much larger. It is similarly important, if a quantity fluctuates, to know its amplitude and period of fluctuation. But this orientation may simply reflect an analytic approach developed in one area because it was useful and then transferred to another where it may not be. Our traditional view of natural systems, therefore, might well be less a meaningful reality than a perceptual convenience. There can in some years be more owls and fewer mice and in others, the reverse. Fish populations wax and wane as a natural condition, and insect populations can range over extremes that only logarithmic
13,447 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1987
TL;DR: The Delta Method and the Influence Function Cross-Validation, Jackknife and Bootstrap Balanced Repeated Replication (half-sampling) Random Subsampling Nonparametric Confidence Intervals as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The Jackknife Estimate of Bias The Jackknife Estimate of Variance Bias of the Jackknife Variance Estimate The Bootstrap The Infinitesimal Jackknife The Delta Method and the Influence Function Cross-Validation, Jackknife and Bootstrap Balanced Repeated Replications (Half-Sampling) Random Subsampling Nonparametric Confidence Intervals.
7,007 citations
6,631 citations
01 Jan 1975
5,417 citations