Journal ArticleDOI
Risk factors for suicide in individuals with depression: a systematic review.
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TLDR
A systematic review of the international literature on cohort and case-control studies of people with depression in which suicide was an outcome and meta-analyses of potential risk factors found factors significantly associated with suicide.About:
This article is published in Journal of Affective Disorders.The article was published on 2013-05-01. It has received 1000 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Suicide prevention & Depression (differential diagnoses).read more
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Evidence for effective interventions to reduce mental-health-related stigma and discrimination
Graham Thornicroft,Nisha Mehta,Sarah Clement,Sara Evans-Lacko,Mary K. Doherty,Diana Rose,Mirja Koschorke,Rahul Shidhaye,Claire L. O’Reilly,Claire Henderson +9 more
TL;DR: It is found that social contact is the most effective type of intervention to improve stigma-related knowledge and attitudes in the short term, however, the evidence for longer-term benefit of such social contact to reduce stigma is weak.
Journal ArticleDOI
A review of depression and suicide risk assessment using speech analysis
Nicholas Cummins,Stefan Scherer,Jarek Krajewski,Sebastian Schnieder,Julien Epps,Thomas F. Quatieri +5 more
TL;DR: How common paralinguistic speech characteristics are affected by depression and suicidality and the application of this information in classification and prediction systems is reviewed.
Evidence for effective interventions to reduce mental health related stigma and discrimination: narrative overview
Graham Thornicroft,Nisha Mehta,Sarah Clement,Sara Evans-Lacko,Mary K. Doherty,Diana Rose,Mirja Koschorke,Rahul Shidhaye,Claire L. O’Reilly,Claire Henderson +9 more
Abstract: Stigma and discrimination in relation to mental illnesses have been described as having worse consequences than the conditions themselves. Most medical literature in this area of research has been descriptive and has focused on attitudes towards people with mental illness rather than on interventions to reduce stigma. In this narrative Review, we summarise what is known globally from published systematic reviews and primary data on effective interventions intended to reduce mental-illness-related stigma or discrimination. The main findings emerging from this narrative overview are that: (1) at the population level there is a fairly consistent pattern of short-term benefits for positive attitude change, and some lesser evidence for knowledge improvement; (2) for people with mental illness, some group-level anti-stigma inventions show promise and merit further assessment; (3) for specific target groups, such as students, social-contact-based interventions usually achieve short-term (but less clearly long-term) attitudinal improvements, and less often produce knowledge gains; (4) this is a heterogeneous field of study with few strong study designs with large sample sizes; (5) research from low-income and middle-income countries is conspicuous by its relative absence; (6) caution needs to be exercised in not overgeneralising lessons from one target group to another; (7) there is a clear need for studies with longer-term follow-up to assess whether initial gains are sustained or attenuated, and whether booster doses of the intervention are needed to maintain progress; (8) few studies in any part of the world have focused on either the service user's perspective of stigma and discrimination or on the behaviour domain of behavioural change, either by people with or without mental illness in the complex processes of stigmatisation. We found that social contact is the most effective type of intervention to improve stigma-related knowledge and attitudes in the short term. However, the evidence for longer-term benefit of such social contact to reduce stigma is weak. In view of the magnitude of challenges that result from mental health stigma and discrimination, a concerted effort is needed to fund methodologically strong research that will provide robust evidence to support decisions on investment in interventions to reduce stigma.
Journal ArticleDOI
The efficacy of smartphone-based mental health interventions for depressive symptoms: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Joseph Firth,John Torous,Jennifer Nicholas,Rebekah Carney,Abhishek Pratap,Simon Rosenbaum,Jerome Sarris +6 more
TL;DR: Results indicate that smartphone devices are a promising self‐management tool for depression, and future research should aim to distil which aspects of these technologies produce beneficial effects, and for which populations.
Journal ArticleDOI
Social determinants of mental disorders and the Sustainable Development Goals: a systematic review of reviews
Crick Lund,Crick Lund,Carrie Brooke-Sumner,Carrie Brooke-Sumner,Florence Baingana,Emily Baron,Erica Breuer,Prabha S. Chandra,Johannes Haushofer,Helen Herrman,Mark J. D. Jordans,Christian Kieling,María Elena Medina-Mora,Ellen Morgan,Olayinka Omigbodun,Wietse A. Tol,Vikram Patel,Shekhar Saxena +17 more
TL;DR: New light is shed on how the Sustainable Development Goals are relevant for addressing the social determinants of mental disorders, and how these goals could be optimised to prevent mental disorders.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses
TL;DR: A new quantity is developed, I 2, which the authors believe gives a better measure of the consistency between trials in a meta-analysis, which is susceptible to the number of trials included in the meta- analysis.
Book
Clinical Epidemiology: A Basic Science for Clinical Medicine
TL;DR: Clinical Epidemiology is a book dedicated to H.L. Mencken, Kurt Vonnegut, Jr., Douglas Adams, and the Emperor's New Clothes and Physicians and others who wish to recognize key clinical epidemiologic features of the diagnosis and management of patients will benefit from reading.
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Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network
Sara Twaddle,Safia Qureshi +1 more
TL;DR: This guideline has been assessed for its likely impact on the six equality groups defined by age, disability, gender, race, religion/belief, and sexual orientation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Psychological autopsy studies of suicide: a systematic review.
TL;DR: In this paper, a systematic review aimed to examine the results of studies of suicide that used a psychological autopsy method, which offers the most direct technique currently available for examining the relationship between particular antecedents and suicide.
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