Risks for human health related to the presence of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in honey, tea, herbal infusions and food supplements
Helle Katrine Knutsen,Jan Alexander,Lars Barregård,Margherita Bignami,Beat Johannes Brüschweiler,Sandra Ceccatelli,Bruce Cottrill,Michael Dinovi,Lutz Edler,Bettina Grasl-Kraupp,Christer Hogstrand,Laurentius Hoogenboom,Carlo Nebbia,Isabelle P Oswald,Annette Petersen,Martin Rose,Alain-Claude Roudot,Tanja Schwerdtle,Christiane Vleminckx,Günter Vollmer,Heather M. Wallace,Jose Ángel Gómez Ruiz,Marco Binaglia +22 more
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TLDR
There is a possible concern for human health related to the exposure to PAs, in particular for frequent and high consumers of tea and herbal infusions, according to the EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain.Citations
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Guidance on harmonised methodologies for human health, animal health and ecological risk assessment of combined exposure to multiple chemicals
Simon J. More,Vasileios Bampidis,Diane Benford,Susanne Hougaard Bennekou,Claude Bragard,Thorhallur I. Halldorsson,Antonio F Hernandez-Jerez,Konstantinos Koutsoumanis,Hanspeter Naegeli,Josef Rudolf Schlatter,Vittorio Silano,Søren Saxmose Nielsen,Dieter Schrenk,Dominique Turck,Maged Younes,Emilio Benfenati,Laurence Castle,Nina Cedergreen,Anthony Hardy,Ryszard Laskowski,Jean-Charles Leblanc,Andreas Kortenkamp,Ad M.J. Ragas,Leo Posthuma,Claus Svendsen,Roland Solecki,Emanuela Testai,Bruno Dujardin,George E.N. Kass,Paola Manini,Maryam Zare Jeddi,Jean Lou Cm Dorne,Christer Hogstrand +32 more
TL;DR: This Guidance document describes harmonised risk assessment methodologies for combined exposure to multiple chemicals for all relevant areas within EFSA's remit, i.e. human health, animal health and ecological areas.
Journal ArticleDOI
United States Pharmacopeia (USP) comprehensive review of the hepatotoxicity of green tea extracts.
Hellen A. Oketch-Rabah,Amy L. Roe,Cynthia V. Rider,Herbert L. Bonkovsky,Gabriel I. Giancaspro,Víctor M. Navarro,Mary F. Paine,Joseph M. Betz,Robin J. Marles,Steven J. Casper,Bill J. Gurley,Scott A. Jordan,Kan He,Mahendra P. Kapoor,Theertham P. Rao,Averell H. Sherker,Robert J. Fontana,Simona Rossi,Raj Vuppalanchi,Leonard B. Seeff,Andrew Stolz,Jawad Ahmad,Christopher Koh,Jose Serrano,Tieraona Low Dog,Richard Ko +25 more
TL;DR: Animal and human data indicate that repeated oral administration of bolus doses of GTE during fasting significantly increases bioavailability of catechins, specifically EGCG, possibly involving saturation of first-pass elimination mechanisms.
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Mode of action-based risk assessment of genotoxic carcinogens
Andrea Hartwig,Michael Arand,Bernd Epe,Sabine Guth,Gunnar Jahnke,Alfonso Lampen,Hans Jörg Martus,Bernhard H. Monien,Ivonne M.C.M. Rietjens,Simone Schmitz-Spanke,G. Schriever‐Schwemmer,Pablo Steinberg,Gerhard Eisenbrand +12 more
TL;DR: An updated risk evaluation for genotoxic carcinogens is proposed, based on mechanistic knowledge regarding the substance (group) under investigation, and taking into account recent improvements in analytical techniques used to quantify DNA lesions and mutations as well as “omics” approaches.
Book ChapterDOI
Analysis of alkaloids (indole alkaloids, isoquinoline alkaloids, tropane alkaloids)
Prasanta Kumar Dey,Amit Kundu,Anoop Kumar,Meenakshi Gupta,Byung Mu Lee,Tejendra Bhakta,Suvakanta Dash,Hyung Sik Kim +7 more
TL;DR: This chapter highlights the phytochemistry of the main representatives among the diverse group of alkaloids, and focuses on their extraction, purification, fractionation, identification, and quantification procedures.
Journal ArticleDOI
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids in food and phytomedicine: Occurrence, exposure, toxicity, mechanisms, and risk assessment - A review
Dieter Schrenk,Lan Gao,Ge Lin,Catherine Mahony,Patrick P.J. Mulder,Ad A. C. M. Peijnenburg,Stefan Pfuhler,Ivonne M.C.M. Rietjens,Lukas Rutz,Barbara Steinhoff,Anja These +10 more
TL;DR: The contributions in nine chapters describe the scientific progress using advanced analytical methods, studies in subcellular fractions, cell culture, experimental animals and humans and the use of PBPK modeling and structure-activity relationship considerations aiming at a better understanding of PA toxicity and genotoxicity.
References
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IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. Overall Evaluations of Carcinogenicity: An Updating of IARC Monographs vol. 1 to 42. Supplement 7. 440 Seiten. International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon 1987. Preis: 65, – s.Fr
IARC Monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans: Some traditional herbal medicines, some mycotoxins, naphthalene and styrene
Ahti Anttila,Ramesh V. Bhat,James A. Bond,Susan J. Borghoff,F. Xavier Bosch,Gary P. Carlson,Marcel Castegnaro,George Cruzan,Wentzel C. A. Gelderblom,Ulla Hass,Sara H. Henry,Ronald A. Herbert,Marc Jackson,Tingliang Jiang,A. Douglas Kinghorn,Siegfried Knasmüller,Len Levy,Douglas McGregor,J. David Miller,Hideki Mori,Steve Olin,Douglas L. Park,John I. Pitt,Ronald T. Riley,Heinz H. Schmeiser,Jack Siemiatycki,Jean-Louis Vanherweghem,Christopher P. Wild,Takumi Yoshizawa,Alan R. Buckpitt,Paul M. Coates,Gary L. Foureman,Trevor Green,C. William Jameson,David G. Longfellow,Robert Baan,Michael G. Bird,John Cheney,Silvia Franceschi,Marlin Friesen,Yann Grosse,Ted Junghans,Nikolai Napalkov,Christiane Partensky,Jerry Rice,Vikash Sewram,Leslie T. Stayner,Kurt Straif,Eero Suonio,Sandrine Egraz,Brigitte Kajo,Martine Lézère,Jane Mitchell,Elspeth Perez +53 more
TL;DR: Members Ahti Anttila, Finnish Cancer Registry, Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research, Liisankatu 21 B, 00170 Helsinki, Finland Ramesh V. Bhat, National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Jamai-Osmania PO, Hyderabad-500 007 AP, India.
Journal ArticleDOI
Guidance of EFSA: Use of the EFSA Comprehensive European Food Consumption Database in exposure assessment
M. Bakker,A. P. Hearty,Catherine Leclercq,Oliver Lindtner,C. Tlustos,Philippe Verger,J.-L. Volatier +6 more
TL;DR: The aim of the present document is to give an overview of the Comprehensive Database and to provide guidance on its use for dietary exposure assessments.
Journal ArticleDOI
Update: use of the benchmark dose approach in risk assessment
Anthony Hardy,Diane Benford,Thorhallur I. Halldorsson,Michael J. Jeger,Katrine Helle Knutsen,Simon J. More,Alicja Mortensen,Hanspeter Naegeli,Hubert Noteborn,Colin Ockleford,Antonia Ricci,Guido Rychen,Vittorio Silano,Roland Solecki,Dominique Turck,Marc Aerts,Laurent Bodin,Allen Davis,Lutz Edler,Ursula Gundert-Remy,Salomon Sand,Wout Slob,Bernard Bottex,José Cortiñas Abrahantes,Daniele Court Marques,George E.N. Kass,Josef Rudolf Schlatter +26 more
TL;DR: This updated guidance does not call for a general re‐evaluation of previous assessments where the NOAEL approach or the BMD approach as described in the 2009 SC guidance was used, in particular when the exposure is clearly smaller than the health‐based guidance value.
Journal ArticleDOI
Scientific Opinion on Pyrrolizidine alkaloids in food and feed
T. Beuerle,Diane Benford,Leon Brimer,Bruce Cottrill,Daniel R. Doerge,Birgit Dusemund,Peter B. Farmer,Peter Fürst,Hans-Ulrich Humpf,Patrick P.J. Mulder +9 more
TL;DR: The Panel concluded that whilst the available data do not indicate a concern for any population subgroup, the dietary exposure estimates relate to a limited number of food groups and a possible unknown contribution from other foods cannot be discounted.