River flow forecasting through conceptual models part III - The Ray catchment at Grendon Underwood
TL;DR: In this paper, methods of modeling the runoff process on the Ray catchment are described, which depend on soil moisture accounting and simple descriptions of the generation of runoff and of routing.
About: This article is published in Journal of Hydrology.The article was published on 1970-08-01. It has received 1171 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Streamflow & Surface runoff.
Citations
More filters
Posted Content•
TL;DR: The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model is a continuation of nearly 30 years of modeling efforts conducted by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service.
Abstract: The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model is a continuation of nearly 30 years of modeling efforts conducted by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service. SWAT has gained international acceptance as a robust interdisciplinary watershed modeling tool, as evidenced by international SWAT conferences, hundreds of SWAT-related papers presented at numerous scientific meetings, and dozens of articles published in peer-reviewed journals. The model has also been adopted as part of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's BASINS (Better Assessment Science Integrating Point & Nonpoint Sources) software package and is being used by many U.S. federal and state agencies, including the USDA within the Conservation Effects Assessment Project. At present, over 250 peer-reviewed, published articles have been identified that report SWAT applications, reviews of SWAT components, or other research that includes SWAT. Many of these peer-reviewed articles are summarized here according to relevant application categories such as streamflow calibration and related hydrologic analyses, climate change impacts on hydrology, pollutant load assessments, comparisons with other models, and sensitivity analyses and calibration techniques. Strengths and weaknesses of the model are presented, and recommended research needs for SWAT are provided.
2,274 citations
TL;DR: It is argued that contextual cues should be used as part of deep learning to gain further process understanding of Earth system science problems, improving the predictive ability of seasonal forecasting and modelling of long-range spatial connections across multiple timescales.
Abstract: Machine learning approaches are increasingly used to extract patterns and insights from the ever-increasing stream of geospatial data, but current approaches may not be optimal when system behaviour is dominated by spatial or temporal context. Here, rather than amending classical machine learning, we argue that these contextual cues should be used as part of deep learning (an approach that is able to extract spatio-temporal features automatically) to gain further process understanding of Earth system science problems, improving the predictive ability of seasonal forecasting and modelling of long-range spatial connections across multiple timescales, for example. The next step will be a hybrid modelling approach, coupling physical process models with the versatility of data-driven machine learning.
2,014 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1986TL;DR: In this article, a review of worldwide land degradation problems is presented, focusing on delineating and estimating the magnitude of soil erosion, quantifying erosion and sedimentation impacts on land productivity, establishing quantitative values for erosion-causing parameters, and implementing global and regional soil and water conservation programs.
Abstract: This is a review of worldwide land degradation problems. Four themes are emphasized: delineating and estimating the magnitude of soil erosion, quantifying erosion and sedimentation impacts on land productivity, establishing quantitative values for erosion-causing parameters, and implementing global and regional soil and water conservation programs. Papers deal with both developing and developed countries and illustrate how erosion control techniques used in developed countries can or cannot be applied in developing countries.
1,698 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors simulate the water balance dynamics of 308 catchments in Austria using a lumped conceptual model involving 11 calibration parameters for two non-overlapping 11-year periods of daily runoff data and compare regionalisation methods for estimating the model parameters in ungauged catchments, in terms of the model performance.
639 citations
Cites background or methods from "River flow forecasting through conc..."
...Objective function The first component of the objective function involves the Nash and Sutcliffe (1970) coefficient of efficiency, ME ME ¼ 1 2 Xn i¼1 ðQobs;i 2 Qsim;iÞ2 Xn i¼1 ðQobs;i 2 QobsÞ2 ðB1Þ where Qobs;i and Qsim;i are observed and simulated runoff on day i; respectively, and Qobs is the…...
[...]
...The first component of the objective function involves the Nash and Sutcliffe (1970) coefficient of efficiency, ME...
[...]
...The first term involves the Nash and Sutcliffe (1970) coefficient of efficiency, ME, of the match of simulated and observed daily runoff (Eq....
[...]
01 Jan 2009
TL;DR: Lin et al. as discussed by the authors developed a hydrological forecasting model based on past records, which is crucial to developing a water forecasting model. But the model is not suitable for forecasting the future.
Abstract: 17 18 Lin Qiu 19 Professor, Institute of environmental & municipal engineering, North China Institute of Water 20 Conservancy and Hydroelectric power, ZhengZhou, 450011, P.R.Ch 21 22 Abstract. Developing a hydrological forecasting model based on past records is crucial to 23
583 citations
References
More filters
TL;DR: In this article, the principles governing the application of the conceptual model technique to river flow forecasting are discussed and the necessity for a systematic approach to the development and testing of the model is explained and some preliminary ideas suggested.
19,601 citations
TL;DR: It is shown that a satisfactory account can be given of open water evaporation at four widely spaced sites in America and Europe, the results for bare soil receive a reasonable check in India, and application of theresults for turf shows good agreement with estimates of evapolation from catchment areas in the British Isles.
Abstract: Two theoretical approaches to evaporation from saturated surfaces are outlined, the first being on an aerodynamic basis in which evaporation is regarded as due to turbulent transport of vapour by a process of eddy diffusion, and the second being on an energy basis in which evaporation is regarded as one of the ways of degrading incoming radiation. Neither approach is new, but a combination is suggested that eliminates the parameter measured with most difficulty—surface temperature—and provides for the first time an opportunity to make theoretical estimates of evaporation rates from standard meteorological data, estimates that can be retrospective. Experimental work to test these theories shows that the aerodynamic approach is not adequate and an empirical expression, previously obtained in America, is a better description of evaporation from open water. The energy balance is found to be quite successful. Evaporation rates from wet bare soil and from turf with an adequate supply of water are obtained as fractions of that from open water, the fraction for turf showing a seasonal change attributed to the annual cycle of length of daylight. Finally, the experimental results are applied to data published elsewhere and it is shown that a satisfactory account can be given of open water evaporation at four widely spaced sites in America and Europe, the results for bare soil receive a reasonable check in India, and application of the results for turf shows good agreement with estimates of evaporation from catchment areas in the British Isles.
6,711 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an attempt to model the runoff process on the Brosna catchment is described, and different models are compared and it is found possible to account for about 80 per cent of the initial variance of the discharge by very simple models.
140 citations