Road evaluation with ground penetrating radar
TL;DR: A status report of ground-penalizing radar (GPR) highway applications is provided in this paper based on studies conducted in both Scandinavia and the USA, where ground-coupled and air-launched GPR systems together with a discussion of both signal processing and data interpretation techniques are discussed.
About: This article is published in Journal of Applied Geophysics.The article was published on 2000-03-01. It has received 512 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Ground-penetrating radar & Subgrade.
Citations
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TL;DR: This paper reviews the latest development of the GPR’s primary infrastructure applications, namely buildings, pavements, bridges, tunnel liners, geotechnical and buried utilities and outlines the path to a more rigorous development in terms of standardization, accreditation, and procurement policy.
Abstract: The GPR (Ground Penetrating Radar) conference in Hong Kong year 2016 marked the 30th anniversary of the initial meeting in Tifton, Georgia, USA on 1986. The conference has been being a bi-annual event and has been hosted by sixteen cities from four continents. Throughout these 30 years, researchers and practitioners witnessed the analog paper printout to digital era that enables very efficient collection, processing and 3D imaging of large amount of data required in GPR imaging in infrastructure. GPR has systematically progressed forward from “Locating and Testing” to “Imaging and Diagnosis” with the Holy Grail of ’Seeing the unseen’ becoming a reality. This paper reviews the latest development of the GPR’s primary infrastructure applications, namely buildings, pavements, bridges, tunnel liners, geotechnical and buried utilities. We review both the ability to assess structure as built character and the ability to indicate the state of deterioration. Finally, we outline the path to a more rigorous development in terms of standardization, accreditation, and procurement policy.
293 citations
TL;DR: This work provides an overview on the main signal processing techniques employed in road engineering, and theoretical insights and instructions on the proper use of the processing in relation to the quality of the data acquired and the purposes of the surveys.
189 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the accuracy of pavement asphalt layer thicknesses estimation using ground penetrating radar (GPR) data analysis by employing different estimation approaches based on material dielectric properties is investigated.
Abstract: The Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) is a Non-destructive Testing (NDT) technique, which is able to capture continuous pavement layer thicknesses data. The radar pulse propagation is a major factor for gathering the dielectric constants of pavement materials accurately. The present research focuses on the accuracy of pavement asphalt layer thicknesses estimation using GPR data analysis by employing different estimation approaches based on material dielectric properties. A comprehensive comparative analysis of GPR and asphalt-drilled cores data incorporating a variety of pavements is performed. The major findings of the detailed comparative analysis including the effectiveness of the approaches used are reported and discussed in the present paper.
187 citations
TL;DR: In this article, various techniques and investigations for assessing the moisture damage and aiming to optimize the standard testing protocols are presented. But these efforts can improve the field assessment of moisture damage that appears during the design life of an asphalt pavement and bridge the gap between field and laboratory investigations.
165 citations
01 Nov 2006
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors focused on both the research results of studies on electrical properties of road materials and subgrade soils and their seasonal changes and the use of Ground Penetrating Radar technique in traffic infrastructure surveys.
Abstract: This PhD thesis is composed of a synopsis and five published papers that are focused on both the research results of studies on electrical properties of road materials and subgrade soils and their seasonal changes and the use of Ground Penetrating Radar technique in traffic infrastructure surveys. The data for this survey was collected mainly in Finland, Texas, Scotland and Sweden and thus presents many kinds of road materials, subgrade soils and climate conditions. This research demonstrates that the GPR technique not only gives valuable structural information on the different types of structures and subgrade soils but it provides a wide range of information of the electrical properties of the materials under survey which can be further related to their mechanical performance. The best information will be gained if GPR data is analysed together with other non destructive testing data collected from the roads, railways and airports.
162 citations
References
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01 Aug 1993
TL;DR: In this paper, the Mecanique des sols reference record was created on 2004-09-07, modified on 2016-08-08, and it was used for the Sols non satures reference record.
Abstract: Keywords: Mecanique des sols ; Sols non satures Reference Record created on 2004-09-07, modified on 2016-08-08
3,278 citations
"Road evaluation with ground penetra..." refers background in this paper
...Fredlund and Rahardjo, 1993 ....
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...In low moisture contents, suction can increase the stiffness of soils and unbound aggregates and they have high modulus values, but when moisture content increases, suction deŽ .creases Fredlund and Rahardjo, 1993 ....
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17 Aug 1993
1,931 citations
"Road evaluation with ground penetra..." refers background in this paper
...Fredlund and Rahardjo, 1993 ....
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...In low moisture contents, suction can increase the stiffness of soils and unbound aggregates and they have high modulus values, but when moisture content increases, suction deŽ .creases Fredlund and Rahardjo, 1993 ....
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TL;DR: In this article, the real and imaginary parts of the relative dielectric permittivity values of four silt and clay soils were measured at different densities and moisture contents ranging from oven dry material to the plastic state.
337 citations
"Road evaluation with ground penetra..." refers background or methods in this paper
...Ž .al., 1991 , c pavement design purposes, e.g., to check if the pavement is thick enough for Ž .recycling milling, and d for quality control Žpurposes Saarenketo and Roimela, 1998; Scul.lion and Saarenketo, 1998 ....
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...Ž .nesota Saarenketo, 1998b Fig....
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...X Žin bridge deck surveys Saarenketo and Sode-¨ .rqvist, 1993; Maijala et al., 1994 , and in paveŽment design and quality control Saarenketo and Roimela, 1998; Scullion and Saarenketo, 1998; ....
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...9 presents a case from Willmar, Minnesota, where 1.5 GHz ground-coupled and FWD data were used to Ž .evaluate stripping Saarenketo, 1998c ....
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...Most of the ground-coupled antennae surveys are conducted using 400–500 MHz antennae in order to get information from the whole pavement structure up to 3 m, but high frequency 1.5 GHz ground-coupled antennae have been used to locate stripping and other Ž .defects in pavement Saarenketo, 1998c ....
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TL;DR: To estimate multilayered media properties using monostatic radar, two inverse scattering approaches are discussed: layer-stripping algorithm by exploiting amplitude and time delay of radar echoes after their detection, and EM inverse problem of parameter optimization by minimizing the mean square error between measured and modeled data.
Abstract: Electromagnetic (EM) inversion is a useful tool for quantitative analysis in short-range applications of pulse radars. To estimate multilayered media properties using monostatic radar, two inverse scattering approaches are discussed: (a) layer-stripping algorithm by exploiting amplitude and time delay of radar echoes after their detection, and (b) EM inverse problem of parameter optimization by minimizing the mean square error between measured and modeled data. Redundancy in the estimation of media properties is given by spatial continuous measurements of the investigated media. This property is exploited in both the approaches investigated. In the layer-stripping approach the medium within each layer is homogeneous and the interfaces are assumed laterally continuous. In the inverse problem permittivity is assumed to be laterally smooth, implicit smoothing being given in the model parameterization. It is implicit in both methods that the inversion accuracy is strictly related to the amplitude stability of the radar and plane wave approximation. Therefore, the system calibration and the compensation of some propagation effects (e.g., near field, losses due to conductivity and to scattering from particles distributed between layers and on interfaces, pulse distortion) become crucial aspects for each specific application.
118 citations
Additional excerpts
...ŽSpagnolini Spagnolini, 1996; Spagnolini, 1997; ....
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