Road traffic accidents in Nigeria: a review and a reappraisal.
TL;DR: Suggestions are made on how the motorized industrialised countries can give assistance to developing countries through such bodies as the World Health Organization, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), and the World Bank.
About: This article is published in Accident Analysis & Prevention.The article was published on 1992-04-01. It has received 64 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Developing country & Mandate.
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TL;DR: A review of studies on the epidemiology of motor vehicle accidents in developing countries and the evidence for association with alcohol finds that men comprise a mean 80% of casualties.
Abstract: Motor vehicle accidents are the leading cause of death in adolescents and young adults worldwide. Nearly three-quarters of road deaths occur in developing countries and men comprise a mean 80% of casualties. This review summarizes studies on the epidemiology of motor vehicle accidents in developing countries and examines the evidence for association with alcohol.
485 citations
TL;DR: Road traffic injuries and deaths in Karachi are a much more substantial health problem than is evident from official statistics.
Abstract: Background Road traffic accidents (RTA) are an important yet preventable cause of death and disability in developing countries like Pakistan. Yet accurate epidemiological data on injuries in developing country injuries is often difficult to obtain. We applied the capture-recapture method to estimate the death and injury rates due to RTA in Karachi. Methods We applied the two-sample capture-recapture method using traffic police records as one source of capture and the logs of a non-government ambulance service as the second capture source for the same 10 months and 20 days for which 1994 data were available. We generated a conservative adjusted estimate of injuries and deaths by considering entries in the two sources as matched if they reported the same date, time, and place, and at least one of the other matching variables, of name, vehicle registration number, vehicle types or patient outcome. We then compared the estimated rates with the police rates. Results In 1994 police reported 544 deaths and 793 injuries due to RTA while ambulance records noted 343 deaths and 2048 injuries. The capture-recapture analysis estimated at least 972 (95% CI : 912-1031) deaths and 18 936 (95% CI : 15 50722 342) injuries attributable to RTA during the study period. Official sources counted only 56% of deaths and 4% of serious injuries. The estimated rates for the year 1994 were 185 injuries and 11.2 deaths per 100 000 population.
165 citations
TL;DR: The burden of road traffic injury and death is high in Africa and since registry-based reports underestimate the burden, a systematic collation of road Traffic Injury and death data is needed to determine the true burden.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To estimate the burden of road traffic injuries and deaths for all road users and among different road user groups in Africa. METHODS: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Global Health, Google Scholar, websites of African road safety agencies and organizations for registry- and population-based studies and reports on road traffic injury and death estimates in Africa, published between 1980 and 2015. Available data for all road users and by road user group were extracted and analysed. We conducted a random-effects meta-analysis and estimated pooled rates of road traffic injuries and deaths. FINDINGS: We identified 39 studies from 15 African countries. The estimated pooled rate for road traffic injury was 65.2 per 100 000 population (95% confidence interval, CI: 60.8-69.5) and the death rate was 16.6 per 100 000 population (95% CI: 15.2-18.0). Road traffic injury rates increased from 40.7 per 100 000 population in the 1990s to 92.9 per 100 000 population between 2010 and 2015, while death rates decreased from 19.9 per 100 000 population in the 1990s to 9.3 per 100 000 population between 2010 and 2015. The highest road traffic death rate was among motorized four-wheeler occupants at 5.9 per 100 000 population (95% CI: 4.4-7.4), closely followed by pedestrians at 3.4 per 100 000 population (95% CI: 2.5-4.2). CONCLUSION: The burden of road traffic injury and death is high in Africa. Since registry-based reports underestimate the burden, a systematic collation of road traffic injury and death data is needed to determine the true burden. This article is available in the standard WHO languages (English, Arabic, Chinese, French, Russian, Spanish) at the following DOI: 10.2471/BLT.15.163121 Language: en
142 citations
TL;DR: There is high burden of unintentional injuries among persons over five years of age in Pakistan and these results are useful to plan further studies and prioritizing prevention programs on injuries nationally and other developing countries with similar situation.
Abstract: Background
National level estimates of injuries are not readily available for developing countries. This study estimated the annual incidence, patterns and severity of unintentional injuries among persons over five years of age in Pakistan.
115 citations
Cites background from "Road traffic accidents in Nigeria: ..."
...Hospital-based statistics and police records are the common sources of information for injuries in developing countries [10-16]....
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TL;DR: The road traffic injury rates found in this survey suggest that over 4 million people may be injured and as many as 200 000 potentially killed as the result of road traffic crashes annually in Nigeria.
Abstract: Background: Mortality from road traffic injuries in sub-Saharan Africa is among the highest in the world, yet data from the region are sparse. To date, no multi-site population-based survey on road traffic injuries has been reported from Nigeria, the most populated country in Africa. Objective: To explore the epidemiology of road traffic injury in Nigeria and provide data on the populations affected and risk factors for road traffic injury. Design: Data from a population-based survey using two-stage stratified cluster sampling. Subjects/setting: Road traffic injury status and demographic information were collected on 3082 respondents living in 553 households in seven of Nigeria’s 37 states. Main outcome measures: Incidence rates were estimated with confidence intervals based on a Poisson distribution; Poisson regression analysis was used to calculate relative risks for associated factors. Results: The overall road traffic injury rate was 41 per 1000 population (95% CI 34 to 49), and mortality from road traffic injuries was 1.6 per 1000 population (95% CI 0.5 to 3.8). Motorcycle crashes accounted for 54% of all road traffic injuries. The road traffic injury rates found for rural and urban respondents were not significantly different. Increased risk of injury was associated with male gender among those aged 18–44 years, with a relative risk of 2.96 when compared with women in the same age range (95% CI 1.72 to 5.09, p Conclusions: The road traffic injury rates found in this survey highlight a neglected public health problem in Nigeria. Simple extrapolations from this survey suggest that over 4 million people may be injured and as many as 200 000 potentially killed as the result of road traffic crashes annually in Nigeria. Appropriate interventions in both the health and transport sectors are needed to address this significant cause of morbidity and mortality in Nigeria.
90 citations
References
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Journal Article•
TL;DR: This is a special issue of World Health Statistics Report, Vol.
Abstract: This is a special issue of World Health Statistics Report, Vol. 29, No. 10, 1976, on community water supply and excreta disposal in developing countries. It has reviewed the progress made in different parts of developing countries including Africa, America, Eastern Mediterranean, Europe, South East Asia and Western Pacific.
127 citations
01 Jan 1985
TL;DR: A small research team was formed within the Overseas Unit of the Transport and Road Research Laboratory to undertake research in Third World countries with a view to establishing the nature and extent of their traffic accident problems and, in the longer term to assess the effectiveness of remedial measures.
Abstract: By the early 1970s countries of the Third World were becoming increasingly aware that they faced a growing road safety problem. In 1972, following numerous requests made by developing countries for aid and guidance in the road safety field, a small research team was formed within the Overseas Unit of the Transport and Road Research Laboratory. The aim of this team was to undertake research in Third World countries with a view to establishing the nature and extent of their traffic accident problems and, in the longer term to assess the effectiveness of remedial measures. This paper describes some of the major findings of this research team.
115 citations
TL;DR: A small research team was formed within the Overseas Unit of the Transport and Road Research Laboratory to undertake research in Third World countries with a view to establishing the nature and extent of their traffic accident problems and, in the longer term to assess the effectiveness of remedial measures as discussed by the authors.
93 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1988
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined current traffic safety countermeasures and their effective implementation as well as future contermeasures, and discussed the practical issues involved in getting from principles and strategies to operational, effective countermeasure programs.
Abstract: The lessons are reviwed that motorized nations have learned while coping with the public health problem generated by rapid and extensive motorization. Current Traffic safety countermeasures and their effective implementation as well as future contermeasures are examined. Chapter 2 examines the global traffic injury problem. Chapter 3 examines the directions traffic injruy problems are expected to follow in the period of the year 2000. Chapter 4 examines the role institutions and organizations play in determining the extent and nature of traffic injury countermeasures. Chapter 5 presents the type of injury reduction strategies available, and chapter 6 explores the practical issues involved in getting from principles and strategies to operational, effective countermeasure programs. The final chapter presents the conclusions and recommendations drawn from the text.
75 citations
01 Jan 1978
TL;DR: In this paper, the importance of the involvement of doctors, especially those in the field of public health, in the prevention of road traffic accidents using the methodology which has been successfully employed in the control of communicable diseases is stressed.
Abstract: Analysis of data on road traffic accidents (RTAs) in Nigeria over an eight-year period showed a rising trend. To highlight the importance of RTAs in the country, the number of deaths from RTAs (1967-1974) and from major communicable diseases was reviewed. It was found that there were annually more deaths from RTAs than even the cholera epidemic of 1971. International comparison of the RTA situation in Nigeria with that of industrialized countries (United Kingdom, Sweden and Australia) and developing countries (Zambia, Tanzania, Uganda and Kenya) showed that Nigeria had by far worse mortality and morbidity rates. The importance of the involvement of doctors, especially those in the field of public health, in the prevention of RTA using the methodology which has been successfully employed in the control of communicable diseases is stressed.
33 citations