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Journal ArticleDOI

Robust reference-watermarking scheme using wavelet packet transform and bidiagonal-singular value decomposition

01 Jul 2009-International Journal of Image and Graphics (World Scientific Publishing Company)-Vol. 09, Iss: 03, pp 449-477
TL;DR: This paper presents a new robust reference watermarking scheme based on wavelet packet transform (WPT) and bidiagonal singular value decomposition (bSVD) for copyright protection and authenticity that is able to withstand a variety of attacks.
Abstract: This paper presents a new robust reference watermarking scheme based on wavelet packet transform (WPT) and bidiagonal singular value decomposition (bSVD) for copyright protection and authenticity. A small gray scale logo is used as watermark instead of randomly generated Gaussian noise type watermark. A reference watermark is generated by original watermark and the process of embedding is done in wavelet packet domain by modifying the bidiagonal singular values. For the robustness and imperceptibly, watermark is embedded in the selected sub-bands, which are selected by taking into account the variance of the sub-bands, which serves as a measure of the watermark magnitude that could be imperceptibly embedded in each block. For this purpose, the variance is calculated in a small moving square window of size Sp × Sp (typically 3 × 3 or 5 × 5 window) centered at the pixel. A reliable watermark extraction is developed, in which the watermark bidiagonal singular values are extracted by considering the distortion caused by the attacks in neighboring bidiagonal singular values. Experimental evaluation demonstrates that the proposed scheme is able to withstand a variety of attacks and the superiority of the proposed method is carried out by the comparison which is made by us with the existing methods.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A novel biometrically generated keys in the embedding process of a gray-scale watermark using a newly proposed mathematical transform, namely the fractional dual tree complex wavelet transform (FrDT-CWT), and singular value decomposition (SVD) are used.

67 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A novel, yet simple, watermarking algorithm for image authentication is proposed using fractional wavelet packet transform (FRWPT) via singular value decomposition (SVD), based on embedding in the singular values (luminance) of the host image.

44 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The concept of fractional wavelet packet transform is explored with its application in digital watermarking and a reliable watermark extraction algorithm is developed for the extraction of watermark from the distorted image.
Abstract: In this study, the concept of fractional wavelet packet transform is explored with its application in digital watermarking. The core idea of the proposed watermarking scheme is to decompose an image via fractional wavelet packet transform and then a reference image is created by changing the positions of all frequency sub-bands at each level with respect to some rule which is secret and only known to the owner/creator. For embedding, the reference image is segmented into non-overlapping blocks and modify its singular values with the watermark singular values. Finally, a reliable watermark extraction algorithm is developed for the extraction of watermark from the distorted image. The feasibility of this method and its robustness against different kind of attacks are verified by computer simulations.

42 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The experimental results show better visual imperceptibility and resiliency of the proposed scheme against intentional or un-intentional variety of attacks and superiority is carried out by comparison made by us with the existing schemes.

40 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
Lina Zhang1, Deyun Wei1
TL;DR: The redistributed invariant integer wavelet transform is proposed, which has real reversibility and can transform an image into the invariant domain where the pixel values are all integers, and a new method for finding the singular value of an image matrix by QR decomposition and singular value decomposition is given.

33 citations

References
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Proceedings ArticleDOI
13 Nov 1994
TL;DR: The paper discusses the feasibility of coding an "undetectable" digital water mark on a standard 512/spl times/512 intensity image with an 8 bit gray scale, capable of carrying such information as authentication or authorisation codes, or a legend essential for image interpretation.
Abstract: The paper discusses the feasibility of coding an "undetectable" digital water mark on a standard 512/spl times/512 intensity image with an 8 bit gray scale. The watermark is capable of carrying such information as authentication or authorisation codes, or a legend essential for image interpretation. This capability is envisaged to find application in image tagging, copyright enforcement, counterfeit protection, and controlled access. Two methods of implementation are discussed. The first is based on bit plane manipulation of the LSB, which offers easy and rapid decoding. The second method utilises linear addition of the water mark to the image data, and is more difficult to decode, offering inherent security. This linearity property also allows some image processing, such as averaging, to take place on the image, without corrupting the water mark beyond recovery. Either method is potentially compatible with JPEG and MPEG processing. >

1,407 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A novel watermarking algorithm based on singular value decomposition (SVD) is proposed and results show that the newwatermarking method performs well in both security and robustness.
Abstract: Digital watermarking has been proposed as a solution to the problem of copyright protection of multimedia documents in networked environments. There are two important issues that watermarking algorithms need to address. First, watermarking schemes are required to provide trustworthy evidence for protecting rightful ownership. Second, good watermarking schemes should satisfy the requirement of robustness and resist distortions due to common image manipulations (such as filtering, compression, etc.). In this paper, we propose a novel watermarking algorithm based on singular value decomposition (SVD). Analysis and experimental results show that the new watermarking method performs well in both security and robustness.

978 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A new approach to mask the watermark according to the characteristics of the human visual system (HVS) is presented, which is accomplished pixel by pixel by taking into account the texture and the luminance content of all the image subbands.
Abstract: A watermarking algorithm operating in the wavelet domain is presented. Performance improvement with respect to existing algorithms is obtained by means of a new approach to mask the watermark according to the characteristics of the human visual system (HVS). In contrast to conventional methods operating in the wavelet domain, masking is accomplished pixel by pixel by taking into account the texture and the luminance content of all the image subbands. The watermark consists of a pseudorandom sequence which is adaptively added to the largest detail bands. As usual, the watermark is detected by computing the correlation between the watermarked coefficients and the watermarking code, and the detection threshold is chosen in such a way that the knowledge of the watermark energy used in the embedding phase is not needed, thus permitting one to adapt it to the image at hand. Experimental results and comparisons with other techniques operating in the wavelet domain prove the effectiveness of the new algorithm.

949 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The 2-D orthogonal wavelet transform decomposes images into both spatial and spectrally local coefficients and gave high to acceptable quality reconstruction at compression ratios for the Miss America and Lena monochrome images.
Abstract: The 2-D orthogonal wavelet transform decomposes images into both spatial and spectrally local coefficients. The transformed coefficients were coded hierarchically and individually quantized in accordance with the local estimated noise sensitivity of the human visual system (HVS). The algorithm can be mapped easily onto VLSI. For the Miss America and Lena monochrome images, the technique gave high to acceptable quality reconstruction at compression ratios of 0.3-0.2 and 0.64-0.43 bits per pixel (bpp), respectively. >

857 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The authors begin by discussing the need for watermarking and the requirements and go on to discuss digitalWatermarking techniques based on correlation and techniques that are notbased on correlation.
Abstract: The authors begin by discussing the need for watermarking and the requirements. They go on to discuss digital watermarking techniques based on correlation and techniques that are not based on correlation.

789 citations