Rock bed thermal storage for concentrating solar power plants

Home
/
Papers
/
Rock bed thermal storage for concentrating solar power plants

Dissertation•

Rock bed thermal storage for concentrating solar power plants

01 Apr 2014-

About: The article was published on 2014-04-01 and is currently open access. It has received 24 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Photovoltaic thermal hybrid solar collector & Solar air conditioning.

...read moreread less

Citations

PDF

Open Access

More filters

Journal Article•DOI•

A review of large‐scale electrical energy storage

[...]

Sameer Hameer¹, Johannes L. van Niekerk¹•Institutions (1)

Stellenbosch University¹

01 Jul 2015-International Journal of Energy Research

TL;DR: A broad overview of energy storage technologies available on the large-scale complimented with their capabilities conducted by a thorough literature survey is given in this article, where thermal energy storage, flow batteries, lithium ion, sodium sulphur, compressed air energy storage and pumped hydro storage are evaluated.

...read moreread less

Abstract: Summary This paper gives a broad overview of a plethora of energy storage technologies available on the large-scale complimented with their capabilities conducted by a thorough literature survey. According to the capability graphs generated, thermal energy storage, flow batteries, lithium ion, sodium sulphur, compressed air energy storage, and pumped hydro storage are suitable for large-scale storage in the order of 10's to 100's of MWh; metal air batteries have a high theoretical energy density equivalent to that of gasoline along with being cost efficient; compressed air energy storage has the lowest capital energy cost in comparison to other energy storage technologies; flywheels, super conducting magnetic storage, super capacitors, capacitors, and pumped hydro storage have very low energy density; compressed air energy storage, cryogenic energy storage, thermal energy storage, and batteries have relatively high energy density; high efficiencyin tandem with high energy density results in a cost efficient storage system; and power density pitted against energy density provides a clear demarcation between power and energy applications. This paper also provides a mathematical model for thermal energy storage as a battery. Furthermore, a comprehensive techno-economic evaluation of the various energy storage technologies would assist in the development of an energy storage technology roadmap. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

...read moreread less

206 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Rock bed storage for solar thermal power plants: Rock characteristics, suitability, and availability

[...]

K.G. Allen¹, T.W. von Backström¹, D.G. Kröger¹, Alexander F.M. Kisters¹•Institutions (1)

Stellenbosch University¹

01 Jul 2014-Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

TL;DR: In this paper, it is proposed that air-rock packed beds are suitable for thermal storage in solar power plants at temperatures of approximately 500-600 ˚ c. Desirable characteristics of rock for this application are presented, and the different rock types are discussed in the light of these requirements.

...read moreread less

84 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Rock bed pressure drop and heat transfer: Simple design correlations

[...]

K.G. Allen¹, T.W. von Backström¹, D.G. Kröger¹•Institutions (1)

Stellenbosch University¹

01 May 2015-Solar Energy

TL;DR: In this article, a simplified Nusselt number correlation for air-rock beds, also expressed in terms of the volume-equivalent sphere diameter, is given for heat transfer calculations.

...read moreread less

35 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Experimental investigation of basalt rocks as storage material for high-temperature concentrated solar power plants

[...]

Tamar Nahhas¹, Xavier Py¹, N. Sadiki¹•Institutions (1)

Centre national de la recherche scientifique¹

01 Aug 2019-Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews

TL;DR: In this paper, two varieties of basalt rocks collected from two different regions have been assessed for high-temperature packed-bed thermal energy storage, and the most relevant thermo-physical and mechanical properties of the studied rocks as sensible heat storage materials were characterized.

...read moreread less

Abstract: Nowadays a sensible heat thermal energy storage system based on packed bed of rocks with air as a heat transfer fluid is considered a promising alternative and cost-effective solution for storage applications in concentrated solar power plants. Two varieties of basalt rocks collected from two different regions have been assessed for high-temperature packed-bed thermal energy storage. The most relevant thermo-physical and mechanical properties of the studied rocks as sensible heat storage materials were characterized. The influence of temperature on thermal expansion, density, specific heat capacity, thermal diffusivity, thermal conductivity and Young's modulus has been analyzed, as well as the crystalline phases and chemical compositions have been identified. Compared to molten salts and other available storage materials, the obtained results proved the potential of fine-grained basalt rocks to be used as filler material in energy storage applications suitable for high temperature concentrated solar power plants (up to 700 °C). In addition to their availability at low cost with low environmental impact, basalt rocks showed high thermo-physical properties and good thermal stability in this range of temperature.

...read moreread less

29 citations

Proceedings Article•DOI•

Rock bed thermal storage: Concepts and costs

[...]

K.G. Allen, Theodor W. von Backström, Eugene Joubert, Paul Gauché

31 May 2016

TL;DR: In this article, two rock bed storage concepts for concentrating solar power (CSP) plants are presented for use at temperatures up to at least 600 °C and a brief analysis and cost estimate is given.

...read moreread less

Abstract: Thermal storage enables concentrating solar power (CSP) plants to provide baseload or dispatchable power. Currently CSP plants use two-tank molten salt thermal storage, with estimated capital costs of about 22-30 $/kWhth. In the interests of reducing CSP costs, alternative storage concepts have been proposed. In particular, packed rock beds with air as the heat transfer fluid offer the potential of lower cost storage because of the low cost and abundance of rock. Two rock bed storage concepts which have been formulated for use at temperatures up to at least 600 °C are presented and a brief analysis and cost estimate is given. The cost estimate shows that both concepts are capable of capital costs less than 15 $/kWhth at scales larger than 1000 MWhth. Depending on the design and the costs of scaling containment, capital costs as low as 5-8 $/kWhth may be possible. These costs are between a half and a third of current molten salt costs.

...read moreread less

26 citations

Cites background or methods from "Rock bed thermal storage for concen..."

...The unit cost of the rock and insulation is based on quotations [8, 16]....
[...]
...The bed parameters used here are based on preliminary costoptimum work [8], and there is scope for further calculations to determine the optimum bed size for the lowest LCOE....
[...]
...03 m (for example [4,8]), it is possible that thermocline stability will be a problem unless measures are taken to limit natural convection....
[...]
...The simplified Nusselt number correlation used in the Hughes E-NTU method is only for air-rock beds [8]:...
[...]
...For the crushed rock tested by [8], Dv is approximately related to the total bed particle volume-to-surface area diameter D by the relation...
[...]

1
2
3
4
…
5

References

PDF

Open Access

More filters

Journal Article•DOI•

Compact heat exchangers

[...]

W. M. Kays, A. L. London, E. R. G. Eckert¹•Institutions (1)

University of Minnesota¹

01 Jun 1960-Journal of Applied Mechanics

TL;DR: The third edition of the second edition as discussed by the authors was published in 1964 and contains basic test data for eleven new surface configurations, including some of the very compact ceramic matrices, in both the English and the Systeme International (SI) system of units.

...read moreread less

Abstract: This third edition is an update of the second edition published in 1964. New data and more modern theoretical solutions for flow in the simple geometries are included, although this edition does not differ radically from the second edition. It contains basic test data for eleven new surface configurations, including some of the very compact ceramic matrices. Al dimensions are given in both the English and the Systeme International (SI) system of units.

...read moreread less

3,049 citations

"Rock bed thermal storage for concen..." refers result in this paper

...1 Spheres Present measurements for randomly packed smooth spheres (marbles) are compared with the data of Kays and London (1984) in Figure 29....
[...]

Journal Article•DOI•

Effect of fluid dispersion coefficients on particle-to-fluid mass transfer coefficients in packed beds. correlation of sherwood numbers

[...]

N. Wakao¹, T. Funazkri¹•Institutions (1)

Yokohama National University¹

01 Jan 1978-Chemical Engineering Science

TL;DR: In this article, the published heat transfer data obtained from steady and nonsteady measurements are corrected for the axial fluid thermal dispersion coefficient values proposed by Wakao and Funazkri.

...read moreread less

993 citations

"Rock bed thermal storage for concen..." refers background or methods in this paper

...(143), and the correlation of Wakao et al. (1979) is used to calculate the Reynolds number (Eq....
[...]
...(135), and substituted into the correlation of Wakao et al. (1979) to calculate the Reynolds number (Eq....
[...]
...Willits et al. (1985) tested an air-rock bed (38 tons of crushed granite) for heating and cooling greenhouses....
[...]

Journal Article•DOI•

Transfer of heat or mass to particles in fixed and fluidised beds

[...]

D.J. Gunn

01 Apr 1978-International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer

TL;DR: In this article, a quantitative analysis of particle to fluid heat transfer on the basis of a stochastic model of the fixed bed leads to a constant value of the Nusselt group at low Reynolds number.

...read moreread less

933 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Fluid Flow through Randomly Packed Columns and Fluidized Beds

[...]

Sabri Ergun, A. A. Orning

01 Jun 1949-Industrial & Engineering Chemistry

729 citations

"Rock bed thermal storage for concen..." refers background in this paper

...According to Gauvin and Katta (1973) and Foumeny et al. (1993), edge effects on packed beds are negligible at Dc/D > 50 ( > 40, Montillet et al., 2007), and particularly significant below 12 (< 15, Reddy and Joshi, 2010). Dullien (1979) and Nemec and Levec (2005) state that wall effects are negligible if Dc/D > 10....
[...]
...According to Gauvin and Katta (1973) and Foumeny et al. (1993), edge effects on packed beds are negligible at Dc/D > 50 ( > 40, Montillet et al....
[...]
...Ergun does not specifically state what particles he used, although tables and graph legends in Ergun (1952) and Ergun and Orning (1949) suggest spheres, pulverized coke/coal, sand, cylinders and tablets....
[...]

Journal Article•DOI•

Heat transfer: A liquid flowing through a porous prism

[...]

T.E.W. Schumann

01 Sep 1929-Journal of The Franklin Institute-engineering and Applied Mathematics

TL;DR: The problem of finding the temperature distributions has been solved assuming the well-known laws governing the transfer of heat from a liquid in turbulent motion to a solid and the use of some interesting mathematical functions which are related to theWell-known Bessel Functions.

...read moreread less

Abstract: If a liquid, initially at uniform temperature, passes lengthwise through a right, porous prism, initially at some other uniform temperature, the sides of the prism being adiabatic and impervious to the liquid, then the temperatures of both liquid and solid will be functions of the time and of a distance. The problem of finding the temperature distributions has been solved assuming the well-known laws governing the transfer of heat from a liquid in turbulent motion to a solid. The solution as presented involves the use of some interesting mathematical functions which are related to the well-known Bessel Functions. If a gas is used instead of a liquid, the problem is much more complicated, but a dimensional method of treating the problem leads to results which may be very useful in practice. The author wishes to express his thanks and appreciation to Dr. S. Y. Burke for suggesting this research and showing such a stimulating interest during its development, and also to the Combustion Utilities Corporation for permission to publish the results.

...read moreread less

645 citations

"Rock bed thermal storage for concen..." refers background or methods in this paper

...1 Governing equations The Schumann (1929) model is commonly used to predict the temperature profile through a packed bed....
[...]
...(25) and (32) are often referred to as the Schumann equations, although they were published a few years earlier by Anzelius (Vortmeyer and Schaefer, 1974). Governing equations which include greater detail, such as the influence of thermal conduction through the fluid or between particles, internal particle resistance, or heat transfer to the containment wall, may be found in Wakao et al. (1979), Adebiyi et al. (1998), or Ismail and Stuginsky (1999)....
[...]
...(25) and (32) are often referred to as the Schumann equations, although they were published a few years earlier by Anzelius (Vortmeyer and Schaefer, 1974). Governing equations which include greater detail, such as the influence of thermal conduction through the fluid or between particles, internal particle resistance, or heat transfer to the containment wall, may be found in Wakao et al. (1979), Adebiyi et al....
[...]