Role of domestic ducks in the propagation and biological evolution of highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza viruses in Asia
Diane J. Hulse-Post,K. M. Sturm-Ramirez,Jennifer Humberd,Patrick Seiler,Elena A. Govorkova,Scott Krauss,Christoph Scholtissek,Pilaipan Puthavathana,Chantanee Buranathai,Toan D. Nguyen,Hoang T. Long,T. S. P. Naipospos,Hualan Chen,Trevor M. Ellis,Yi Guan,Joseph S. M. Peiris,Robert G. Webster +16 more
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TLDR
It is shown that these H5N1 viruses are reverting to nonpathogenicity in ducks, suggesting that the duck has become the "Trojan horse" of Asian H 5N1 influenza viruses.Abstract:
Wild waterfowl, including ducks, are natural hosts of influenza A viruses. These viruses rarely caused disease in ducks until 2002, when some H5N1 strains became highly pathogenic. Here we show that these H5N1 viruses are reverting to nonpathogenicity in ducks. Ducks experimentally infected with viruses isolated between 2003 and 2004 shed virus for an extended time (up to 17 days), during which variant viruses with low pathogenicity were selected. These results suggest that the duck has become the “Trojan horse” of Asian H5N1 influenza viruses. The ducks that are unaffected by infection with these viruses continue to circulate these viruses, presenting a pandemic threat.read more
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Global patterns of influenza A virus in wild birds
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TL;DR: Current knowledge on global patterns of influenza virus infections in wild birds is reviewed, these patterns are discussed in the context of host ecology and in particular birds' behavior, and some important gaps in current knowledge are identified.
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Honglin Chen,Gavin J. D. Smith,Gavin J. D. Smith,K. S. Li,Jia Wang,Xiaohui Fan,J. M. Rayner,J. M. Rayner,Dhanasekaran Vijaykrishna,Dhanasekaran Vijaykrishna,Jinxia Zhang,Jinxia Zhang,L. J. Zhang,L. J. Zhang,C. T. Guo,C. L. Cheung,C. L. Cheung,K. M. Xu,K. M. Xu,Lian Duan,Lian Duan,Kai Huang,K. Qin,K. Qin,Y. H. C. Leung,Wai Lan Wu,Wai Lan Wu,Hongjing Lu,Yongxiong Chen,Ningshao Xia,T. S. P. Naipospos,Kwok-Yung Yuen,Sharifah Syed Hassan,S. Bahri,Toan D. Nguyen,Robert G. Webster,Joseph S. M. Peiris,Joseph S. M. Peiris,Yi Guan,Yi Guan +39 more
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A. Marm Kilpatrick,Aleksei A. Chmura,David W. Gibbons,Robert C. Fleischer,Peter P. Marra,Peter Daszak +5 more
TL;DR: H5N1 is more likely to be introduced into the Western Hemisphere through infected poultry and into the mainland United States by subsequent movement of migrating birds from neighboring countries, rather than from eastern Siberia.
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TL;DR: Bats and birds are natural reservoirs for providing viral genes during evolution of new virus species and viruses for interspecies transmission and the increased intrusion of humans into wildlife habitats and overcrowding of different wildlife species in wet markets and farms have facilitated the inter species transmission.
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