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Open AccessJournal ArticleDOI

Role of Immune Cells and Immune-Based Therapies in Pancreatitis and Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma

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TLDR
Interestingly, chronic pancreatitis and PDA tissues have similarities in their desmoplasia and inflammatory infiltrates, indicating overlapping inflammatory responses, and further studies are needed to determine the differences and similarities of these responses.
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This article is published in Gastroenterology.The article was published on 2013-05-01 and is currently open access. It has received 242 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Pancreatitis & Pancreatitis, chronic.

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Inflammatory responses and inflammation-associated diseases in organs

TL;DR: Inflammation is a biological response of the immune system that can be triggered by a variety of factors, including pathogens, damaged cells and toxic compounds, potentially leading to tissue damage or disease.
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PD-1/PD-L1 blockade together with vaccine therapy facilitates effector T-cell infiltration into pancreatic tumors.

TL;DR: It is found that PD-L1 is weakly expressed at a low frequency in untreated human and murine PDAs but treatment with a granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor secreting PDA vaccine (GVAX) significantly upregulates PD- L1 membranous expression after treatment of tumor-bearing mice, and combination therapy with vaccine and PD-1 antibody blockade improved murine survival.
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Myeloid cells are required for PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint activation and the establishment of an immunosuppressive environment in pancreatic cancer.

TL;DR: Derailing this crosstalk between myeloid cells and tumour cells is sufficient to restore anti-tumour immunity mediated by CD8+ T cells, a finding with implications for the design of immune therapies for pancreatic cancer.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Toll-like receptor signalling

TL;DR: Rapid progress that has recently improved the understanding of the molecular mechanisms that mediate TLR signalling is reviewed.
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Myeloid-derived suppressor cells as regulators of the immune system.

TL;DR: The origin, mechanisms of expansion and suppressive functions of MDSCs, as well as the potential to target these cells for therapeutic benefit are discussed.
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Distinct Role of Macrophages in Different Tumor Microenvironments

TL;DR: The evidence for differential regulation of TAMs in these microenvironments is discussed and an overview of current attempts to target or use TAMs for therapeutic purposes is provided.
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