Role of L-ascorbic acid on detoxification of histamine
About: This article is published in Biochemical Pharmacology.The article was published on 1973-07-01. It has received 36 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Ascorbic acid & Histamine.
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TL;DR: Prophylactic prevention of infection requires dietary vitamin C intakes that provide at least adequate, if not saturating plasma levels, and treatment of established infections requires significantly higher doses to compensate for the increased inflammatory response and metabolic demand.
Abstract: Vitamin C is an essential micronutrient for humans, with pleiotropic functions related to its ability to donate electrons. It is a potent antioxidant and a cofactor for a family of biosynthetic and gene regulatory enzymes. Vitamin C contributes to immune defense by supporting various cellular functions of both the innate and adaptive immune system. Vitamin C supports epithelial barrier function against pathogens and promotes the oxidant scavenging activity of the skin, thereby potentially protecting against environmental oxidative stress. Vitamin C accumulates in phagocytic cells, such as neutrophils, and can enhance chemotaxis, phagocytosis, generation of reactive oxygen species, and ultimately microbial killing. It is also needed for apoptosis and clearance of the spent neutrophils from sites of infection by macrophages, thereby decreasing necrosis/NETosis and potential tissue damage. The role of vitamin C in lymphocytes is less clear, but it has been shown to enhance differentiation and proliferation of B- and T-cells, likely due to its gene regulating effects. Vitamin C deficiency results in impaired immunity and higher susceptibility to infections. In turn, infections significantly impact on vitamin C levels due to enhanced inflammation and metabolic requirements. Furthermore, supplementation with vitamin C appears to be able to both prevent and treat respiratory and systemic infections. Prophylactic prevention of infection requires dietary vitamin C intakes that provide at least adequate, if not saturating plasma levels (i.e., 100–200 mg/day), which optimize cell and tissue levels. In contrast, treatment of established infections requires significantly higher (gram) doses of the vitamin to compensate for the increased inflammatory response and metabolic demand.
1,010 citations
Cites background from "Role of L-ascorbic acid on detoxifi..."
...Although vitamin C has been proposed to ‘detoxify’ histamine [96,97], the precise mechanisms responsible for the in vivo decrease in histamine levels following vitamin C administration are currently unknown....
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TL;DR: The ability to synthesize ascorbic acid is absent in the insects, invertebrates, and fishes and a similar transition in the biosynthetic ability was observed in the branched evolution of the birds.
Abstract: The ability to synthesize ascorbic acid is absent in the insects, invertebrates, and fishes. The biosynthetic capacity started in the kidney of amphibians, resided in the kidney of reptiles, became transferred to the liver of mammals, and finally disappeared from the guinea pig, the flying mammals, monkey, and man. A similar transition in the biosynthetic ability was observed in the branched evolution of the birds.
391 citations
TL;DR: Using the in vitro method, the ascorbic acid synthesizing abilities of different species of animals in the phylogenetic tree are examined, and the results are given below.
Abstract: The requirement of ascorbic acid (vitamin C ) is a common property of living organisms, and it has long been considered that all animals except the guinea pig, monkey, and man can synthesize this vitamin. The classic method for determining the ability of an animal to synthesize ascorbic acid is to feed it a scorbutogenic diet for a prolonged period and to observe the appearance of the scurvy syndrome. Obviously, the method is laborious and time-consuming. Also, the onset of the scorbutic syndrome depends on the ascorbic-acid-retention capacity of the animal. For example, whereas the guinea pigs can be made scorbutic in about 3 weeks, it takes 3 to 4 months to produce scurvy in man. Since the discovery of the technique for studying ascorbic acid synthesir in vitro,1-8 the task has become much simpler. In this technique, the tissue homogenates or the subcellular fractions are incubated with precursors of ascorbic acid and the amount of the vitamin formed is estimated. Using the in vitro method, we have examined the ascorbic acid synthesizing abilities of different species of animals in the phylogenetic tree, and the results are given below.
331 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Results suggest a mild antibronchospastic action of ascorbic acid in subjects with EIB, and suggest its role in exercise-induced bronchospasm may be beneficial.
Abstract: In order to study the potential benefit of ascorbic acid in asthma we investigated its role in exercise-induced bronchospasm (EIB). Twelve asthmatic subjects were recruited on the basis of findings compatible with EIB. On two subsequent days the subjects ingested 500 mg. of ascorbic acid or a placebo. The study was performed in a double-blind randomized fashion. Partial and maximal expiratory flow volume (PEFV and MEFV) curves were used to determine pulmonary function changes. Pretreatment with ascorbic acid led to a significant attenuation of the bronchospasm seen five minutes after exercise compared to placebo, as measured by FVC (0.23 +/- 0.08 L decrease after ascorbic acid, 0.48 +/- 0.14 L decrease after placebo) and by FEV1 (0.24 +/- 0.06 decrease after ascorbic acid, 0.44 +/- 0.14 decrease after placebo) Mean +/- SE). These results suggest a mild antibronchospastic action of ascorbic acid in subjects with EIB.
79 citations
TL;DR: A method of utilizing vitamin C in amounts just short of the doses which produce diarrhea is described, putting the patient at risk for complications of metabolic processes known to be dependent upon ascorbate.
71 citations
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TL;DR: The idea of using a chromatographic adsorbent in the form of a thin layer fixed on an inert rigid support seems to have been suggested by Izmailov and Shraiber in 1938.
Abstract: The idea of using a chromatographic adsorbent in the form of a thin layer fixed on an inert rigid support seems to have been suggested by Izmailov and Shraiber in 1938. Meinhard and Hall[1] in 1949 developed this notion of an ‘open column’, and in 1951 Kirchner, Miller, and Keller[2] reported the separation of terpenes on a ‘chromatostrip’, prepared by coating a small glass strip with an adsorbent mixed with starch or plaster of Paris, which acted as a binder. The strips were handled in the same way that paper is handled in paper chromatography, and indeed the original object of the thin-layer technique was to apply the methods of paper partition chromatography to an adsorption system.
2,382 citations
TL;DR: A large number of both normally occurring and foreign compounds of an aromatic nature are hydroxylated in the animal body to yield products with phenolic properties, the pathways by which these products are produced are poorly understood, but several may be postulated.
596 citations
TL;DR: Of considerable interest is the potent stimulatory effect on ascorbic acid synthesis exerted by the carcinogenic hydrocarbons 3-methylcholanthrene, l J 2 ,5,6-dibenzanthracene, and 3,4benzpyrene.
Abstract: Drug-induced ascorbic acid synthesis. Various drugs possessing completely unrelated chemical and pharmacological properties have been shown to stimulate markedly the urinary excretion of L-ascorbic acid in rats.'-* They include the hypnotics: Chloretone and barbital; the analgesics: aminopynne and antipyrine; the muscle relaxants: orphenadrine and meprobamate; the antirheumatics: phenylbutazone and oxyphenbutazone; the uricosuric agent, sulfinpyrazone; the antihistaminics: diphenhydramine and chlorcyclizine; and the carcinogenic hydrocarbons: 3-methylcholanthrene and 3,4benzpyrene. Of considerable interest is the potent stimulatory effect on ascorbic acid synthesis exerted by the carcinogenic hydrocarbons 3-methylcholanthrene, l J 2 ,5,6-dibenzanthracene, and 3,4benzpyrene. The striking effect of a single 10-mg. intraperitoneal injection of 3-methylcholanthrene is shown in FIGURE 1. For comparison, the effect of a 40-mg. dose of Chloretone is also given. By 6 days after 3-methylcholanthrene administration, the urinary excretion of ascorbic acid was about 70 times greater than the control value and, in fact, during the 19-day period about 140 mg. of the vitamin was recovered in the urine. It will be noted that Chloretone within the first day exerts an effect on ascorbic acid excretion that reaches a peak by the third day and falls to a low value by the fifth day. In contrast, 3-methylcholanthrene exerts no effect for 2 days, but then urinary ascorbic acid excretion increases rapidly and remains elevated for over 18 days. In another experiment rats were injected intraperitoneally with 10 mg. of the hydrocarbon daily for 3 to 5 days, and the urinary excretion was measured a t various intervals thereafter. The urinary excretion of ascorbic acid increased from control values of about 0.3 mg. per day to values of 17 mg. per day by 6 days after the dose. Even by 50 days after administration of the hydrocarbon, the levels of ascorbic acid in urine were still markedly elevated over the control levels. No definite information is available a t the present time on the prolonged effect of 3-methylcholanthrene on ascorbic acid synthesis. The possibility that the hydrocarbon remains in the animal by localization in fat depots is now under investigation. Turnover rate of ascorbic acid. In order to show further the marked effect
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