Role of Polyphenols on Gut Microbiota and the Ubiquitin-Proteasome System in Neurodegenerative Diseases.
26 May 2021-Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry (American Chemical Society (ACS))-Vol. 69, Iss: 22, pp 6119-6144
TL;DR: In this paper, the role of microbial changes in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases has been investigated, and the most important polyphenols found in our diet are explained along with their microbial metabolites in the body.
Abstract: Today, neurodegenerative diseases have become a remarkable public health challenge due to their direct relation with aging. Accordingly, understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms occurring in the pathogenesis of them is essential. Both protein aggregations as a result of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) inefficiency and gut microbiota alternation are the main pathogenic hallmarks. Polyphenols upregulating this system may decrease the developing rate of neurodegenerative diseases. Most of the dietary intake of polyphenols is converted into other microbial metabolites, which have completely different biological properties from the original polyphenols and should be thoroughly investigated. Herein, several prevalent neurodegenerative diseases are pinpointed to explain the role of gut microbiota alternations and the role of molecular changes, especially UPS down-regulation in their pathogenesis. Some of the most important polyphenols found in our diet are explained along with their microbial metabolites in the body.
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TL;DR: This review aims to discuss the benefits of polyphenols from varied sources with a focus on their gut metabolism and the ensuing health promoting effects.
Abstract: Polyphenols, although not classified as nutrients, provide health benefits beyond the mere maintenance of normal health in humans and animals alike. Traditionally, much of the focus in polyphenol research has been their antioxidant property. Of late, polyphenols are receiving greater interest for their potential gut-health promoting effects. The gut microbiota modifies the ingested polyphenols to produce ‘microbial derivatives’ that are postulated to mediate beneficial effects in the host. Microbial modifications convert the large variety of polyphenols from the diet to fewer end-products. Polyphenol-derived intermediate- and end-products can affect the intestinal ecology as significant constituents are not fully absorbed and are metabolized in the liver and excreted back into the gut through the biliary secretions. Some of these accumulated metabolites may exert prebiotic-like effects on the gut microflora, leading to stimulation of bacterial growth, and in the process, promoting certain probiotic bacteria. The unabsorbed dietary phenolics and their metabolites exert antimicrobial or bacteriostatic activities by selectively inhibiting the growth of pathogenic bacteria, while at the same time stimulating the growth of commensal bacteria. This, in turn, leads to an altered microbiota composition in the gut lumen. Eventually, health benefits to the host come directly from the action of the polyphenolic compounds and metabolites on the tissue and organ systems, and indirectly through the positive impact of microbial fermentation. This review thus aims to discuss the benefits of polyphenols from varied sources with a focus on their gut metabolism and the ensuing health promoting effects.
17 citations
TL;DR: A systematic review has drawn attention to the axis between resveratrol and human microbiota, which plays a key role in maintaining an adequate immune response that can lead to different diseases when compromised as mentioned in this paper .
Abstract: Resveratrol is a polyphenol that has been shown to possess many applications in different fields of medicine. This systematic review has drawn attention to the axis between resveratrol and human microbiota, which plays a key role in maintaining an adequate immune response that can lead to different diseases when compromised. Resveratrol can also be an asset in new technologies, such as gene therapy. PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched to find papers that matched our topic dating from 1 January 2017 up to 18 January 2022, with English-language restriction using the following Boolean keywords: ("resveratrol" AND "microbio*"). Eighteen studies were included as relevant papers matching the purpose of our investigation. Immune response, prevention of thrombotic complications, microbiota, gene therapy, and bone regeneration were retrieved as the main topics. The analyzed studies mostly involved resveratrol supplementation and its effects on human microbiota by trials in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo. The beneficial activity of resveratrol is evident by analyzing the changes in the host's genetic expression and the gastrointestinal microbial community with its administration. The possibility of identifying individual microbial families may allow to tailor therapeutic plans with targeted polyphenolic diets when associated with microbial dysbiosis, such as inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, degenerative diseases, tumors, obesity, diabetes, bone tissue regeneration, and metabolic syndrome.
14 citations
TL;DR: The investigated phenolic compounds seem to positively mediate bone metabolism and osteoclast-related pathologies and could represent a possible application to improve the osteogenic processes and osseointegration.
Abstract: Phenolic compounds are natural phytochemicals that have recently reported numerous health benefits. Resveratrol, curcumin, and quercetin have recently received the most attention among these molecules due to their documented antioxidant effects. The review aims to investigate the effects of these molecules on bone metabolism and their role in several diseases such as osteopenia and osteoporosis, bone tumours, and periodontitis. The PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Embase electronic databases were searched for papers in line with the study topic. According to an English language restriction, the screening period was from January 2012 to 3 July 2022, with the following Boolean keywords: (“resveratrol” AND “bone”); (“curcumin” AND “bone”); (“quercetin” AND “bone”). A total of 36 papers were identified as relevant to the purpose of our investigation. The studies reported the positive effects of the investigated phenolic compounds on bone metabolism and their potential application as adjuvant treatments for osteoporosis, bone tumours, and periodontitis. Furthermore, their use on the titanium surfaces of orthopaedic prostheses could represent a possible application to improve the osteogenic processes and osseointegration. According to the study findings, resveratrol, curcumin, and quercetin are reported to have a wide variety of beneficial effects as supplement therapies. The investigated phenolic compounds seem to positively mediate bone metabolism and osteoclast-related pathologies.
12 citations
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9 citations
TL;DR: Based on the current literature, the potential for different microbiota-based therapeutic strategies to prevent, to modify, or to halt the progress of neurodegeneration is examined.
Abstract: Abstract Recent research has been uncovering the role of the gut microbiota for brain health and disease. These studies highlight the role of gut microbiota on regulating brain function and behavior through immune, metabolic, and neuronal pathways. In this review we provide an overview of the gut microbiota axis pathways to lay the groundwork for upcoming sessions on the links between the gut microbiota and neurogenerative disorders. We also discuss how the gut microbiota may act as an intermediate factor between the host and the environment to mediate disease onset and neuropathology. Based on the current literature, we further examine the potential for different microbiota-based therapeutic strategies to prevent, to modify, or to halt the progress of neurodegeneration.
7 citations
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