Role of short-chain fatty acids in colonic inflammation, carcinogenesis, and mucosal protection and healing.
Christina M. van der Beek,Cornelis H. C. Dejong,Freddy J. Troost,Ad A.M. Masclee,Kaatje Lenaerts +4 more
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TLDR
In vitro and ex vivo studies show that SCFAs have anti-inflammatory and anticarcinogenic effects, play an important role in maintaining metabolic homeostasis in colonocytes, and protect colonocytes from external harm.Abstract:
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), mainly acetate, propionate, and butyrate, produced by microbial fermentation of undigested food substances are believed to play a beneficial role in human gut health. Short-chain fatty acids influence colonic health through various mechanisms. In vitro and ex vivo studies show that SCFAs have anti-inflammatory and anticarcinogenic effects, play an important role in maintaining metabolic homeostasis in colonocytes, and protect colonocytes from external harm. Animal studies have found substantial positive effects of SCFAs or dietary fiber on colonic disease, but convincing evidence in humans is lacking. Most human intervention trials have been conducted in the context of inflammatory bowel disease. Only a limited number of those trials are of high quality, showing little or no favorable effect of SCFA treatment over placebo. Opportunities for future research include exploring the use of combination therapies with anti-inflammatory drugs, prebiotics, or probiotics; the use of prodrugs in the setting of carcinogenesis; or the direct application of SCFAs to improve mucosal healing after colonic surgery.read more
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Impact of Diet-Modulated Butyrate Production on Intestinal Barrier Function and Inflammation.
Knud Erik Bach Knudsen,Helle Nygaard Lærke,Mette Skou Hedemann,Tina Skau Nielsen,Anne Krog Ingerslev,Ditte Søvsø Gundelund Nielsen,Peter Kappel Theil,Stig Purup,Stine Hald,Anne Grethe Schioldan,Maria L. Marco,Søren Gregersen,Kjeld Hermansen +12 more
TL;DR: The effect of butyrate seems generally to be more consistent and positive oninflammatory markers related to the gut than on inflammatory markers in the peripheral tissue, and this discrepancy may be explained by differences inbutyrate concentrations in the gut compared with the much lower concentration at more remote sites.
Journal ArticleDOI
Precision Microbiome Modulation with Discrete Dietary Fiber Structures Directs Short-Chain Fatty Acid Production
Edward C. Deehan,Chen Yang,Maria Elisa Perez-Muñoz,Nguyen K. Nguyen,Christopher C. Cheng,Lucila Triador,Zhengxiao Zhang,Jeffrey A. Bakal,Jens Walter,Jens Walter +9 more
TL;DR: It is found that crystalline and phosphate cross-linked starch structures induce divergent and highly specific effects on microbiome composition that are linked to directed shifts in the output of either propionate or butyrate.
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Secondary Bile Acids and Short Chain Fatty Acids in the Colon: A Focus on Colonic Microbiome, Cell Proliferation, Inflammation, and Cancer.
TL;DR: Elucidation of the molecular events by which secondary BAs and SCFAs regulate colonic cell proliferation and inflammation will lead to a better understanding of the anticancer potential of dietary fiber in the context of high-fat diet-related colon cancer.
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Gut Microbiota, Short-Chain Fatty Acids, and Herbal Medicines.
Wuwen Feng,Hui Ao,Cheng Peng +2 more
TL;DR: Current knowledge aboutSCFAs origination, the role of SCFAs in health and disease, the influence of herbal medicine on SCF as production and the corresponding mechanisms are summarized.
Journal ArticleDOI
Gut microbiota, a new frontier to understand traditional Chinese medicines.
TL;DR: This review summarized the interactions between TCM and gut microbiota, and the pharmacological effects and features of metabolites produced during interactions betweenTCM and Gut microbiota, focusing on gut microbiota and metabolites.
References
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Impact of diet in shaping gut microbiota revealed by a comparative study in children from Europe and rural Africa
Carlotta De Filippo,Duccio Cavalieri,Monica Di Paola,Matteo Ramazzotti,Jean Baptiste Poullet,Sébastien Massart,Silvia Collini,Giuseppe Pieraccini,Paolo Lionetti +8 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compared the fecal microbiota of European children (EU) and that of children from a rural African village of Burkina Faso (BF), where the diet, high in fiber content, is similar to that of early human settlements at the time of the birth of agriculture.
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The Microbial Metabolites, Short-Chain Fatty Acids, Regulate Colonic Treg Cell Homeostasis
Patrick M. Smith,Michael R. Howitt,Nicolai Panikov,Monia Michaud,Carey Ann Gallini,Mohammad Bohlooly-Y,Jonathan N. Glickman,Wendy S. Garrett +7 more
TL;DR: This study determined that short-chain fatty acids, gut microbiota–derived bacterial fermentation products, regulate the size and function of the colonic Treg pool and protect against colitis in a Ffar2-dependent manner in mice, revealing that a class of abundant microbial metabolites underlies adaptive immune microbiota coadaptation and promotes colonic homeostasis and health.
Journal ArticleDOI
Commensal microbe-derived butyrate induces the differentiation of colonic regulatory T cells
Yukihiro Furusawa,Yuuki Obata,Shinji Fukuda,Takaho A. Endo,Gaku Nakato,Daisuke Takahashi,Yumiko Nakanishi,Chikako Uetake,Keiko Kato,Tamotsu Kato,Masumi Takahashi,Noriko N. Fukuda,Shinnosuke Murakami,Eiji Miyauchi,Shingo Hino,Koji Atarashi,Satoshi Onawa,Yumiko Fujimura,Trevor Lockett,Julie M. Clarke,David L. Topping,Masaru Tomita,Shohei Hori,Osamu Ohara,Tatsuya Morita,Haruhiko Koseki,Jun Kikuchi,Kenya Honda,Koji Hase,Hiroshi Ohno +29 more
TL;DR: It is shown that a large bowel microbial fermentation product, butyrate, induces the differentiation of colonic Treg cells in mice and ameliorated the development of colitis induced by adoptive transfer of CD4+ CD45RBhi T cells in Rag1−/− mice.
Journal ArticleDOI
From Dietary Fiber to Host Physiology: Short-Chain Fatty Acids as Key Bacterial Metabolites
TL;DR: Data is reviewed supporting the diverse functional roles carried out by a major class of bacterial metabolites, the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which affect various physiological processes and may contribute to health and disease.
The impact of diet in shaping gut microbiota revealed by a comparative study in children from Europe and Rural Africa
Duccio Cavalieri,M. Di Paola,Matteo Ramazzotti,J.B. Poullet,Sébastien Massart,Giuseppe Pieraccini,Paolo Lionetti,C. De Filippo +7 more
TL;DR: It is hypothesized that gut microbiota coevolved with the polysaccharide-rich diet of BF individuals, allowing them to maximize energy intake from fibers while also protecting them from inflammations and noninfectious colonic diseases.