Journal ArticleDOI
Role of the extracellular matrix in regulating stem cell fate
Fiona M. Watt,Wilhelm T. S. Huck +1 more
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New technologies have offered insights into how stem cells sense signals from the ECM and how they respond to these signals at the molecular level, which ultimately regulate their fate.Abstract:
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a key component of the stem cell niche and is now emerging as more than just an inert scaffold. Indeed, new technologies have provided mechanistic insights into the effects of the ECM on stem cell fate choice.read more
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Remodelling the extracellular matrix in development and disease.
TL;DR: The extracellular matrix is crucial for regulating the morphogenesis of the intestine and lungs, as well as of the mammary and submandibular glands, and its regulation contributes to several pathological conditions, such as fibrosis and invasive cancer.
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Extracellular matrix: A dynamic microenvironment for stem cell niche
TL;DR: Engineered biomaterials able to mimic the in vivo characteristics of stem cell niche provide suitable in vitro tools for dissecting the different roles exerted by the ECM and its molecular components on stem cell behavior.
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The extracellular matrix: Tools and insights for the "omics" era.
Alexandra Naba,Karl R. Clauser,Huiming Ding,Charles A. Whittaker,Steven A. Carr,Richard O. Hynes +5 more
TL;DR: In this article, the extracellular matrix (ECM) is a fundamental component of multicellular organisms that provides mechanical and chemical cues that orchestrate cellular and tissue organization and functions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Design, Synthesis, and Characterization of Graphene–Nanoparticle Hybrid Materials for Bioapplications
TL;DR: Graphene nanoparticle hybrids exist in two forms, as graphene–nanoparticle composites and graphene-encapsulated nanoparticles, and can be used for various bioapplications including biosensors, photothermal therapies, stem cell/tissue engineering, drug/gene delivery, and bioimaging.
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Silk fibroin as biomaterial for bone tissue engineering
TL;DR: This review discusses and summarizes recent advancements in processing SF, focusing on different fabrication and functionalization methods and their application to grow bone tissue in vitro and in vivo, which provides an impressive toolbox and allows silk fibroin scaffolds to be tailored to specific applications.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Matrix elasticity directs stem cell lineage specification.
TL;DR: Naive mesenchymal stem cells are shown here to specify lineage and commit to phenotypes with extreme sensitivity to tissue-level elasticity, consistent with the elasticity-insensitive commitment of differentiated cell types.
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Integrins: Bidirectional, Allosteric Signaling Machines
TL;DR: Current structural and cell biological data suggest models for how integrins transmit signals between their extracellular ligand binding adhesion sites and their cytoplasmic domains, which link to the cytoskeleton and to signal transduction pathways.
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Tissue Cells Feel and Respond to the Stiffness of Their Substrate
TL;DR: An understanding of how tissue cells—including fibroblasts, myocytes, neurons, and other cell types—sense matrix stiffness is just emerging with quantitative studies of cells adhering to gels with which elasticity can be tuned to approximate that of tissues.
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Role of YAP/TAZ in mechanotransduction
Sirio Dupont,Leonardo Morsut,Mariaceleste Aragona,Elena Enzo,Stefano Giulitti,Michelangelo Cordenonsi,Francesca Zanconato,Jimmy Le Digabel,Mattia Forcato,Silvio Bicciato,Nicola Elvassore,Stefano Piccolo +11 more
TL;DR: YAP/TAZ are identified as sensors and mediators of mechanical cues instructed by the cellular microenvironment and are functionally required for differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells induced by ECM stiffness and for survival of endothelial cells regulated by cell geometry.
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Cell shape, cytoskeletal tension, and rhoa regulate stem cell lineage commitment
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that cell shape regulates commitment of human mesenchymal stem cells to adipocyte or osteoblast fate and mechanical cues experienced in developmental and adult contexts, embodied by cell shape, cytoskeletal tension, and RhoA signaling, are integral to the commitment of stem cell fate.