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Role of the Microbiota in Immunity and Inflammation

Yasmine Belkaid, +1 more
- 27 Mar 2014 - 
- Vol. 157, Iss: 1, pp 121-141
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TLDR
In high-income countries, overuse of antibiotics, changes in diet, and elimination of constitutive partners, such as nematodes, may have selected for a microbiota that lack the resilience and diversity required to establish balanced immune responses.
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This article is published in Cell.The article was published on 2014-03-27 and is currently open access. It has received 3257 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Immune system.

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Citations
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Type I interferons in infectious disease.

TL;DR: Experimental models of tuberculosis have demonstrated that prostaglandin E2 and interleukin-1 inhibit type I IFN expression and its downstream effects, demonstrating that a cross-regulatory network of cytokines operates during infectious diseases to provide protection with minimum damage to the host.
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Influence of diet on the gut microbiome and implications for human health.

TL;DR: It is shown that consumption of particular types of food produces predictable shifts in existing host bacterial genera, which affects host immune and metabolic parameters, with broad implications for human health.
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Interaction between microbiota and immunity in health and disease

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors review features of microbiome-immunity crosstalk and their roles in health and disease, while providing examples of molecular mechanisms orchestrating these interactions in the intestine and extra-intestinal organs.
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Interactions between the microbiota, immune and nervous systems in health and disease

TL;DR: The role of CNS-resident and peripheral immune pathways in microbiota–gut–brain communication during health and neurological disease is discussed.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

An obesity-associated gut microbiome with increased capacity for energy harvest

TL;DR: It is demonstrated through metagenomic and biochemical analyses that changes in the relative abundance of the Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes affect the metabolic potential of the mouse gut microbiota and indicates that the obese microbiome has an increased capacity to harvest energy from the diet.
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Microbial ecology: Human gut microbes associated with obesity

TL;DR: It is shown that the relative proportion of Bacteroidetes is decreased in obese people by comparison with lean people, and that this proportion increases with weight loss on two types of low-calorie diet.
Journal ArticleDOI

Toll-like receptors.

TL;DR: This unit discusses mammalian Toll receptors (TLR1‐10) that have an essential role in the innate immune recognition of microorganisms and are discussed are TLR‐mediated signaling pathways and antibodies that are available to detect specific TLRs.
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Unidentified curved bacilli in the stomach of patients with gastritis and peptic ulceration

TL;DR: The bacteria were present in almost all patients with active chronic gastritis, duodenal ulcer, or gastric ulcer and thus may be an important factor in the aetiology of these diseases.
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