David Braund, University of Exeter Brian Campbell Queen's University of Belfast Duncan Cloud, University of Leicester Tim Cornell, University College, London Wolfgang Liebeschuetz, University of Nottingham Stephen Oakley, Emmanuel College, Cambridge John Patterson, Magdalene College, Cambridge John Rich, University of Nottingham Harry Sidebottom, Christi College, Oxford Dick Whittaker, Churchill College, Cambridge Greg Woolf, Magdalen College, Oxford Adam Ziolkowski, University of Warsaw

Rome's Desert Frontier from the Air

War and Society in the Roman World

.........................................................................................1 Acknowledgements.............................................................................2 Table of contents................................................................................3 Notes on transliteration and terminology....................................................5 Introduction.......................................................................................6 Chronological and geographical scope..........................................11 Civilians: terminology, description and composition.................................15 Existing scholarship on civilians in siege warfare...............................24 Sources and methods................................................................28 Structure of the thesis...............................................................38 Chapter 1. Historical and intellectual background..........................................40 Historical setting....................................................................40 Intellectual and social contexts of key texts......................................48 A chronological table on the sixth-century Persian wars, with a special emphasis on the Sasanids’ sieges of Roman cities..............................54 Chapter 2. Analysis of literary accounts .....................................................55 Words and phrases..................................................................55 Women, children and the urbs capta.............................................61 Motifs from Judeo-Christian Literature..........................................68 The Great King’s kindliness presented in literary sources and the Khwadaynamag tradition............................................................................77 Chapter 3. The experience of civilians in Roman cities...................................88 Loss of life...........................................................................88 Hand-to-hand combat and street battles....................................88 Massacres and executions...................................................92 Lack of subsistence.........................................................103 Sexual violence..................................................................113 Concubinage and sexual relations with the conquerors................113 Rape...........................................................................115 The suicide of two thousand virgins......................................120 Loss and destruction of property................................................123 Plundering....................................................................123

Medical diseases and obesity in major depressive disorder

The abilities of three satellite remote sensed image products (low spatial resolution LANDSAT Thematic Mapper (TM); medium resolution SPOT Panchromatic; high resolution KVR-1000) to detect archaeological features in the environs of the Iron Age hillfort at Figsbury Ring, Wiltshire, have been evaluated. Given prior knowledge of their locations, relatively large features together and those possessing a strong linear nature could be detected on the LANDSAT TM multispectral and SPOT Panchromatic image products. Near-infrared TM imagery showed promise for the detection of smaller features as a result of differences in vegetation cover, but was constrained by its low spatial resolution. High resolution Russian KVR-1000 imagery was found to be capable of detecting both upstanding and ploughed-out archaeological features without the need for prior knowledge of ground truth.



It is concluded that satellite imagery, although not a substitute for conventional aerial photography, represents a complementary source of information when prospecting for archaeological features. In a regional context, low resolution multispectral imagery can be used for the prospection for areas of high archaeological potential through the use of image processing and modelling techniques and, together with medium resolution imagery can be used to prepare base maps of regions for which up to date mapping is not available. High-resolution imagery, together with conventional aerial photographs, can be used subsequently to detect and map archaeological features. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

background

Satellite remote sensing and archaeology: a comparative study of satellite imagery of the environs of Figsbury Ring, Wiltshire

OF THE BOOK Marshland of Cities: Deltaic Landscapes and the Evolution of Civilization

/pdf/marshland-of-cities-deltaic-landscapes-and-the-evolution-of-473eor8ift.pdf

Marshland of Cities: Deltaic Landscapes and the Evolution of Civilization

Site NameTypeLocationIllustrations in Kennedy and Riley (1990)1El-LejjunLegionary31° 13′ N, 35° 48′ EFigures 76–78  fortress  2Khirbet el-FityanFort31° 14′ N, 35° 48′ EFigures 120–1213Qasr BshirFor...

Cover: Declassified CORONA KH-4B satellite photography of remains from Rome's desert frontier

SYGIS – the Finnish archaeological survey and mapping project of Jebel Bishri - is tracing new dimensions for the Roman eastern frontier or the so-called eastern limes in Syria. It has been noted in several Roman frontier studies that the Euphrates region is insufficiently studied to clearly define the development of Roman policy and the extent of the military presence in the east. Jebel Bishri, a mountain between the Euphrates and Palmyra, has largely remained as an empty spot on the maps representing the Roman military presence. This is an illusion due to the fact that the mountain in its central parts has not been earlier practically studied by archaeological means. The surrounding Euphrates Valley and the Strata Diocletiana have been studied, e.g., by A. Poidebard in his early aerial prospections. However, new satellite image prospections, field surveys and mapping have traced, documented and identified earlier little known or unknown Roman military installations and networks on the side of the Euphrates and in the central parts of the mountain. Especially the prospections with QuickBird satellite images offering good spatial resolution have made it possible to trace new sites which would have been difficult to recognize on the ground. The information gained from the new prospections and mapping enhances our understanding of the Roman military organization on the Euphrates and the fact that the military installations penetrated deeper in the desert-steppe areas and mountain of Jebel Bishri than earlier thought.

Rome's Desert Frontier from the Air

Citations

War and Society in the Roman World

Medical diseases and obesity in major depressive disorder

Satellite remote sensing and archaeology: a comparative study of satellite imagery of the environs of Figsbury Ring, Wiltshire

Marshland of Cities: Deltaic Landscapes and the Evolution of Civilization

Cover: Declassified CORONA KH-4B satellite photography of remains from Rome's desert frontier

References

Tracing new dimensions in the roman military organization of the eastern limes

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