Routing large vehicles on industrial construction sites
01 Mar 1995-Journal of Construction Engineering and Management-asce (American Society of Civil Engineers)-Vol. 121, Iss: 1, pp 1-12
TL;DR: Concepts from the areas of information representation, geometric reasoning, and artificial intelligence are found to be applicable for automating route-planning tasks and to automate the tedious and difficult tasks within the process.
Abstract: This paper describes the development of a prototype system for planning access routes for large vehicles within an industrial construction site. Access planning is an important consideration in the development of an effective project-execution plan. But conventional planning tools do not facilitate effective planning. The primary objectives of this work are to define a structured process for planning access and to automate the tedious and difficult tasks within the process. Concepts from the areas of information representation, geometric reasoning, and artificial intelligence are found to be applicable for automating route-planning tasks. The implementation of these concepts to develop the route-planning system is achieved by using the expert system Nexpert Object and the geographic information system Arc/Info in conjunction with the computer-aided design (CAD) package Microstation, the spreadsheet Excel, and custom programs.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed the use of 4D modelling, geospatial analysis and topography modelling in the development of safe execution sequence by using geographic information systems (GIS), both 3D model along with its surrounding topography and schedule were developed and linked together within the same environment.
Abstract: Execution schedule and 2D drawings are generally used for hazards identification in the construction safety planning process. Planner visualises 2D drawings into a 3D model and mentally links its components with the respective activities defined in the schedule to understand the execution sequence in safety planning. Sequence interpretation and accordingly the hazards identification vary with the level of experience, knowledge and individual perspective of the safety planner. Therefore, researchers suggest the use of four dimensional (4D) modelling or building information modelling (BIM) to create the simulation of construction process by linking execution schedule with the 3D model. Both however lack in the features like: generation and updating of schedule, 3D components editing, topography modelling and geospatial analysis within a single platform which is now a major requirement of the construction industry. This work facilitates 4D modelling, geospatial analysis and topography modelling in the development of safe execution sequence by using geographic information systems (GIS), both 3D model along with its surrounding topography and schedule were developed and linked together within the same environment. During safety review process if planned sequence results a hazard situation, it may be corrected within the GIS itself before actual implementation. Paper also discusses the use of GIS in the development of safety database from which safety information are retrieved and linked with the activities of the schedule or components of a building model . 4D modelling along with topographical conditions and safety database in a single environment assist safety planner in examining what safety measures are required when , where and why . Developed methodology was tested on a real life project in India, lessons learned from the implementation have been discussed in the potential benefits and limitations section. At last, paper highlights major research areas for further improvements.
169 citations
Cites methods from "Routing large vehicles on industria..."
...For planning heavy vehicle routes, GIS based approach developed by Varghese and O’Connor (1995) may be utilised....
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TL;DR: In this article, computer-aided design is integrated with scheduling software for the dynamic identification of space conflicts on the jobsite, and follow-up supplemental decision criteria are then provided for conflict analysis and resolution.
Abstract: Numerous workers, equipment, material, temporary facilities, as well as permanent structures share the limited space during construction. Since space constraints may affect productivity and the critical path, it is essential to organize the available space efficiently and minimize space conflicts. This study considers space availability due to time and scheduling, productivity loss due to space constraints and path interference, as well as the possibility of alternative space to resolve these conflicts and optimize space usage. Herein, computer-aided design is integrated with scheduling software for the dynamic identification of space conflicts on the jobsite. Follow-up supplemental decision criteria are then provided for conflict analysis and resolution. A prototype decision support system that combines the criteria was developed to solve this significant and complex problem more efficiently and precisely. A case study demonstrates the use and development of this system, which is very helpful to engineer...
154 citations
TL;DR: 4D geographic information systems were used for space planning that facilitates topographic modeling, different types of geospatial analyses, and database management and a GIS-based methodology that enables space planning, time-space conflict identification, and conflict resolution prior to the construction was developed and implemented.
Abstract: Construction activities need space on the jobsite for their execution. Workers, equipment, materials, temporary facilities, and the developing structure share the limited jobsite space during the construction period. Multiple types of spaces for different purposes on various locations are required to execute various activities at different times. Hence, space planning helps provide a safe and productive environment. Planners mentally link two-dimensional (2D) drawings and execution schedules to generate dynamic multiple types of space requirements, which is a complex task. Therefore, researchers suggest the use of four-dimensional (4D) modeling and building information modeling (BIM) for space planning. Both simulate the construction process by linking the execution schedule with a three-dimensional (3D) model to visualize the construction sequence in space planning. However, both still lack features such as topography modeling and geospatial analysis, which affect space planning. In this work, 4D geographic information systems (GIS) were used for space planning that facilitates topographic modeling, different types of geospatial analyses, and database management. GIS was also used to generate multiple types of spaces corresponding to various activities. A feature attribute table (FAT) associated with each space describes when, where, and how long that space will be required on the jobsite. GIS-based area topology was implemented through a set of validation rules that define how working areas have to share the jobsite. A GIS-based methodology that enables space planning, time-space conflict identification, and conflict resolution prior to the construction was developed and implemented.
94 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an interference detection technique is used to generate the configuration space and two levels of heuristic search are performed within the C-space to identify lift paths that satisfy the planning requirements.
Abstract: Planning the lift path for a mobile crane involves the generation and selection of a suitable lift path through three-dimensional space while considering the degrees of freedom of the crane, its lifting capacity and potential site obstacles. This paper presents work done toward applying configuration space (C-space) and search concepts to develop a tool to identify lift paths that satisfies the planning requirements. An interference detection technique is used to generate the C-space and two levels of heuristic search are performed within the C-space. The first search is a heuristic depth search to determine the obstacle-free lift paths. The second search performs a more detailed optimization of the path within a constrained search space. The tool developed here can be used within the AutoCAD environment and is based on program modules developed using AutoLisp and external programs. Test findings indicate that the approach is capable of generating good paths in complex situations within reasonable time. Directions for further research are indicated.
82 citations
Cites background or methods from "Routing large vehicles on industria..."
...Studies done by Wolfhope (1991), Hornaday et al. (1993), and Varghese and O’Connor (1995) have shown that the computerization of these tasks will improve planning productivity and the overall quality of the plan....
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...…interactive mode as reported by Varghese et al. (1997) An automated system to carry out task (c) also was developed using an Expert GIS approach by Varghese and O’Connor (1995) Further work was also done to formalize the planning process using a structured approach and integrated definition…...
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TL;DR: This paper presents a system, called Automated Crane Planning and Optimization, to automate the above-mentioned analysis for a large-scale project, validated on actual modular projects.
Abstract: The majority of industrial projects in Alberta's oil sands are constructed using modular construction. Modules are preassembled components built off-site and transported to the site to be lifted into place with mobile cranes. Heavy lifts include modules as well as major equipment that utilize expensive mobile cranes. Selecting the proper mobile cranes and configurations and finding the best crane position for each lift saves a significant amount of time and cost, while also improving safety. A heavy lift plan facilitates overall site management by reducing extra crane relocations and avoiding dangerous crane clashes. Performing such intensive analysis manually for several hundred lifts and various crane options is a tedious, prolonged exercise. However, no application that carries out such intensive analysis for a number of lifts in modular construction has yet been developed. This paper presents a system, called Automated Crane Planning and Optimization, to automate the above-mentioned analysis for a large-scale project. This system is validated on actual modular projects.
60 citations
References
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TL;DR: A tree is a graph with one and only one path between every two nodes, where at least one path exists between any two nodes and the length of each branch is given.
Abstract: We consider n points (nodes), some or all pairs of which are connected by a branch; the length of each branch is given. We restrict ourselves to the case where at least one path exists between any two nodes. We now consider two problems. Problem 1. Constrnct the tree of minimum total length between the n nodes. (A tree is a graph with one and only one path between every two nodes.) In the course of the construction that we present here, the branches are subdivided into three sets: I. the branches definitely assignec~ to the tree under construction (they will form a subtree) ; II. the branches from which the next branch to be added to set I, will be selected ; III. the remaining branches (rejected or not yet considered). The nodes are subdivided into two sets: A. the nodes connected by the branches of set I, B. the remaining nodes (one and only one branch of set II will lead to each of these nodes), We start the construction by choosing an arbitrary node as the only member of set A, and by placing all branches that end in this node in set II. To start with, set I is empty. From then onwards we perform the following two steps repeatedly. Step 1. The shortest branch of set II is removed from this set and added to
22,704 citations
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01 Jan 1980TL;DR: This classic introduction to artificial intelligence describes fundamental AI ideas that underlie applications such as natural language processing, automatic programming, robotics, machine vision, automatic theorem proving, and intelligent data retrieval.
Abstract: A classic introduction to artificial intelligence intended to bridge the gap between theory and practice, "Principles of Artificial Intelligence" describes fundamental AI ideas that underlie applications such as natural language processing, automatic programming, robotics, machine vision, automatic theorem proving, and intelligent data retrieval. Rather than focusing on the subject matter of the applications, the book is organized around general computational concepts involving the kinds of data structures used, the types of operations performed on the data structures, and the properties of the control strategies used. "Principles of Artificial Intelligence"evolved from the author's courses and seminars at Stanford University and University of Massachusetts, Amherst, and is suitable for text use in a senior or graduate AI course, or for individual study.
3,754 citations
"Routing large vehicles on industria..." refers methods in this paper
...To enable the computer to perform the search for such a route, Dijkstra's (1959) algorithm can be used (Mitchell 1988; Nilsson 1980)....
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TL;DR: This work examines how to formulate some path planning problems precisely, and reports algorithms to solve certain special cases.
Abstract: Recent advances in the field of computational geometry have provided efficient algorithms for a variety of shortest path problems. Many problems in the field of terrain navigation can be cast as optimal path problems in a precise geometric model. With such a model one can develop and analyze algorithms for the solution of the original problem and can gain insights into how to design more efficient heuristics to deal with more complex problems. We examine the path planning problem in which we are given a “map” of a region of terrain and we are expected to find optimal paths from one point to another. This, for example, is a task which must be done repeatedly for the guidance of an autonomous vehicle. We examine how to formulate some path planning problems precisely, and we report algorithms to solve certain special cases.
148 citations
TL;DR: Experienced construction personnel have provided input into construction projects for many years as discussed by the authors, but only recently, under the impetus of the Business Roundtable's Construction Industry Cost Efficient Estimation (BICE) initiative, experienced construction personnel provided input to construction projects.
Abstract: Experienced construction personnel have provided input into construction projects for many years. However, only recently, under the impetus of the Business Roundtable's Construction Industry Cost E...
63 citations
01 Jan 1992
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