Ruthenium complexes as luminescent reporters of DNA.
TL;DR: This chapter describes the application of ruthenium complexes to probe nucleic acid structure and recognition and discusses coordination complexes that have been remarkably useful as spectroscopic tags.
Abstract: Coordination chemistry provides a wealth of characteristics that may be exploited in probing nucleic acids. Structurally and stereochemically well-defined transition metal complexes have been designed to probe nucleic acid structure and the recognition process. Reactive transition metal complexes have been tethered onto DNA-binding moieties to report sensitively on their recognition characteristics. This chapter discusses coordination complexes that have been remarkably useful as spectroscopic tags. In particular, it describes the application of ruthenium complexes to probe nucleic acid structure and recognition. Polypyridyl complexes of ruthenium(II) and their derivatives possess several features that may be exploited in developing spectroscopic probes for nucleic acids. The complexes possess an intense metal-toligand charge transfer (MLCT) transition in the visible region which yields a luminscent excited state; the excited state characteristics of these complexes have been amply characterized. Most importantly, this transition is perturbed on binding to DNA. The complexes are coordinatively saturated. They are inert to substitution and are stable in aqueous solution. Because the complexes are octahedral and possess three bidentate ligands, the complexes are chiral.
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TL;DR: A more complete understanding of how to target DNA sites with specificity will lead not only to novel chemotherapeutics but also to a greatly expanded ability for chemists to probe DNA and to develop highly sensitive diagnostic agents.
Abstract: The design of small complexes that bind and react at specific sequences of DNA becomes important as we begin to delineate, on a molecular level, how genetic information is expressed. A more complete understanding of how to target DNA sites with specificity will lead not only to novel chemotherapeutics but also to a greatly expanded ability for chemists to probe DNA and to develop highly sensitive diagnostic agents.
1,769 citations
TL;DR: The complex [Ru(NH3)4dppz]2+ showed a metal to ligand charge transfer (MLCT) transition at ∼544 nm but does not show any photoluminescence.
Abstract: The complex [Ru(NH3)4dppz]2+ shows a metal to ligand charge transfer (MLCT) transition at ∼544 nm but does not show any photoluminescence. The complex does not exhibit any solvent-dependent MLCT changes, unlike its bpy and phen counterparts. The complex showed intercalative binding to calf thymus DNA that was weaker than [Ru(phen)2dppz]2+.
306 citations
TL;DR: In this article, C. Morgan, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Salford, U.K., presented an analysis of the effects of environmental pollution on human health.
Abstract: Referee: C. Morgan, School of Environmental and Life Sciences. University of Salford, U.K.
275 citations
TL;DR: DNA binding affinity increases in the order of [Ru(tpy)(dppt)](2+)<[Ru( tpy)(pta))(ptp)(2+), while the ligand planarity of the complex has a significant effect on DNA binding affinity rises.
212 citations
TL;DR: Oxidative damage to DNA occurring with a high quantum yield over a distance of approximately 37ůsing a ground-state oxidant is demonstrated and results point to the equilibration of the radical across the DNA duplex to the sites of lowest energy.
174 citations
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Book•
20 Dec 1983
TL;DR: The goal of this series is to pinpoint areas of chemistry where recent progress has outpaced what is covered in any available textbooks, and then seek out and persuade experts in these fields to produce relatively concise but instructive introductions to their fields.
Abstract: New textbooks at all levels of chemistry appear with great regularity. Some fields like basic biochemistry, organic reaction mechanisms, and chemical ther modynamics are well represented by many excellent texts, and new or revised editions are published sufficiently often to keep up with progress in research. However, some areas of chemistry, especially many of those taught at the grad uate level, suffer from a real lack of up-to-date textbooks. The most serious needs occur in fields that are rapidly changing. Textbooks in these subjects usually have to be written by scientists actually involved in the research which is advancing the field. It is not often easy to persuade such individuals to set time aside to help spread the knowledge they have accumulated. Our goal, in this series, is to pinpoint areas of chemistry where recent progress has outpaced what is covered in any available textbooks, and then seek out and persuade experts in these fields to produce relatively concise but instructive introductions to their fields. These should serve the needs of one semester or one quarter graduate courses in chemistry and biochemistry. In some cases the availability of texts in active research areas should help stimulate the creation of new courses. CHARLES R. CANTOR New York Preface This monograph is based on a review on polynucleotide structures written for a book series in 1976."
5,084 citations
4,395 citations
TL;DR: Evidence is presented that formation of this complex (complex I) is specific for base-paired regions either in DNA, RNA or RNA: DNA hybrids, and that the basis of this specificity is intercalation of the dye between base pairs.
2,229 citations
1,328 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a transition-metal complex was used as a molecular light switch for double-helical DNA, which showed no photoluminescence in aqueous solution at ambient temperatures.
Abstract: Considerable research has focused on the development of nonradioactive probes for nucleic acids. Extensive photophysical studies indicate that Ru(phen){sub 3}{sup 2+} bound to double-helical DNA displays an increase in luminescence owing to intercalation; emission from the metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) excited state decays as a biexponential with one lifetime of 2 {mu}s attributed to the intercalative form and a second lifetime of 0.6 {mu}s (indistinguishable from the free species) assigned to the surface bound form. Here we report the application of a novel transition-metal complex as a true molecular light switch for DNA. This probe is Ru(bpy){sub 2}(dppz){sup 2+} (bpy = 2,2{prime}-bipyridine, dppz = dipyrido(3,2-a:2{prime},3{prime}-c)phenazine), which shows no photoluminescence in aqueous solution at ambient temperatures, but displays intense photoluminescence in the presence of double-helical DNA, to which the complex binds avidly.
1,291 citations