Sampling in Developmental Science: Situations, Shortcomings, Solutions, and Standards
TL;DR: This work describes, discusses, and evaluates four prominent sampling strategies in developmental science: population-based probability sampling, convenience sampling, quota sampling, and homogeneous sampling.
About: This article is published in Developmental Review.The article was published on 2013-12-01 and is currently open access. It has received 413 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Quota sampling & Sampling (statistics).
Citations
More filters
TL;DR: It is argued that homogeneous convenience samples have clearer generalizability relative to conventional convenience samples and should be considered as a positive alternative to conventional (or heterogeneous) convenience samples when researchers are limited to convenience samples.
Abstract: Despite their disadvantaged generalizability relative to probability samples, nonprobability convenience samples are the standard within developmental science, and likely will remain so because probability samples are cost-prohibitive and most available probability samples are ill-suited to examine developmental questions. In lieu of focusing on how to eliminate or sharply reduce reliance on convenience samples within developmental science, here we propose how to augment their advantages when it comes to understanding population effects as well as subpopulation differences. Although all convenience samples have less clear generalizability than probability samples, we argue that homogeneous convenience samples have clearer generalizability relative to conventional convenience samples. Therefore, when researchers are limited to convenience samples, they should consider homogeneous convenience samples as a positive alternative to conventional (or heterogeneous) convenience samples. We discuss future directions as well as potential obstacles to expanding the use of homogeneous convenience samples in developmental science.
416 citations
TL;DR: This article defines, explains, and illustrates the specificity principle in acculturation science, which asserts that specific setting conditions of specific people at specific times moderate specific domains in acculture by specific processes.
Abstract: The specificity principle in acculturation science asserts that specific setting conditions of specific people at specific times moderate specific domains in acculturation by specific processes. Our understanding of acculturation depends critically on what is studied where, in whom, how, and when. This article defines, explains, and illustrates the specificity principle in acculturation science. Research hypotheses about acculturation can be more adequately tested, inconsistencies and discrepancies in the acculturation literature can be satisfactorily resolved, acculturation interventions can be tailored to be more successful, and acculturation policies can be brought to new levels of effectiveness if the specificity principle that governs acculturation science is more widely recognized.
211 citations
TL;DR: Emotion regulation is one mechanism through which psychological control is linked to adolescent adjustment, particularly anger dysregulation, and this pattern holds for both younger and older adolescents and for both boys and girls.
Abstract: SYNOPSIS Objective. This study investigated associations between parental psychological control and aggressive behavior and depressive symptoms among adolescents from predominantly disadvantaged backgrounds. The indirect effects of psychological control on adolescent adjustment through adolescent emotion regulation (anger and sadness regulation) were examined, as well as the moderating effects of adolescent emotion regulation. Design. 206 adolescents (aged 10–18 years) reported on parental psychological control and their own depressive symptoms, and parents and adolescents reported on adolescent emotion regulation and aggressive behavior. Indirect effect models were tested using structural equation modeling; moderating effects were tested using hierarchical multiple regression. Results. The associations between parental psychological control and adolescent aggressive behavior and depressive symptoms were indirect through adolescents' anger regulation. Moderation analyses indicated that the association bet...
132 citations
TL;DR: It is found that the teachers' perceived cultural preferences influenced their subjective norms and intentions to use technology in both the Chinese and Spanish samples, but the relationships between these variables were different in the Spanish and Chinese samples.
Abstract: In this study, we investigated how certain cultural values influenced Chinese and Spanish university teachers' intentions to use technology. 426 Chinese university teachers and 404 Spanish university teachers participated in the study. The participants completed self-designed questionnaires based on Hofstede's cultural dimensions (individualism-collectivism, power distance, uncertainty avoidance and indulgence-constraint) as well as subjective norms and behavioural intention. We found consistent and significant relationships between subjective norms and behavioural intention in both the Spanish and Chinese samples. In addition, we found that the teachers' perceived cultural preferences influenced their subjective norms and intentions to use technology in both the Chinese and Spanish samples. However, the relationships between these variables were different in the Spanish and Chinese samples. In addition, we compared three models which were all theoretically reasonable to determine the model that best fitted the data. This study contributes to our understanding of how culture influences teachers' intentions to use technology in the contexts of Spain and China.
92 citations
TL;DR: For instance, this article found that mothers who were more knowledgeable, satisfied, and attributed successes in their parenting to themselves when their toddlers were 20 months of age engaged in increased supportive parenting during joint activity tasks 2 years later when their children were 4 years of age and 6 years after that their 10-year-olds were rated by teachers as having fewer classroom externalizing behavior problems.
Abstract: In a large-scale (N = 317) prospective 8-year longitudinal multiage, multidomain, multivariate, multisource study, we tested a conservative three-term model linking parenting cognitions in toddlerhood to parenting practices in preschool to classroom externalizing behavior in middle childhood, controlling for earlier parenting practices and child externalizing behavior. Mothers who were more knowledgeable, satisfied, and attributed successes in their parenting to themselves when their toddlers were 20 months of age engaged in increased supportive parenting during joint activity tasks 2 years later when their children were 4 years of age, and 6 years after that their 10-year-olds were rated by teachers as having fewer classroom externalizing behavior problems. This developmental cascade of a "standard model" of parenting applied equally to families with girls and boys, and the cascade from parenting attributions to supportive parenting to child externalizing behavior obtained independent of 12 child, parent, and family covariates. Conceptualizing socialization in terms of cascades helps to identify points of effective intervention.
89 citations
References
More filters
TL;DR: G*Power 3 provides improved effect size calculators and graphic options, supports both distribution-based and design-based input modes, and offers all types of power analyses in which users might be interested.
Abstract: G*Power (Erdfelder, Faul, & Buchner, 1996) was designed as a general stand-alone power analysis program for statistical tests commonly used in social and behavioral research. G*Power 3 is a major extension of, and improvement over, the previous versions. It runs on widely used computer platforms (i.e., Windows XP, Windows Vista, and Mac OS X 10.4) and covers many different statistical tests of thet, F, and χ2 test families. In addition, it includes power analyses forz tests and some exact tests. G*Power 3 provides improved effect size calculators and graphic options, supports both distribution-based and design-based input modes, and offers all types of power analyses in which users might be interested. Like its predecessors, G*Power 3 is free.
40,195 citations
TL;DR: The results show that alcohol abuse and dependence are often associated with other lifetime NCS/DSM-III-R disorders and suggest that, at least in recent cohorts, the alcohol use disorders are usually temporally secondary.
Abstract: Objective: To study patterns of co-occurrence of lifetimeDSM-III-Ralcohol disorders in a household sample. Methods: Data came from the National Comorbidity Survey (NCS), a nationally representative household survey. Diagnoses were based on a modified version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Results: Respondents with lifetimeNCS/DSM-III-Ralcohol abuse or dependence had a high probability of carrying at least 1 other lifetimeNCS/DSM-III-Rdiagnosis. Retrospective reports have suggested that most lifetime co-occurring alcohol disorders begin at a later age than at least 1 other NCS/DSM-III-Rdisorder. Earlier disorders are generally stronger predictors of alcohol dependence than alcohol abuse and stronger among women than men. Lifetime co-occurrence is positively, but weakly, associated with the persistence of alcohol abuse among men and of alcohol dependence among both men and women. Conclusions: Caution is needed in interpreting the results due to the fact that diagnoses were made by nonclinicians and results are based on retrospective reports of the age at onset. Within the context of these limitations, though, these results show that alcohol abuse and dependence are often associated with other lifetimeDSM-III-Rdisorders and suggest that, at least in recent cohorts, the alcohol use disorders are usually temporally secondary. Prospective data and data based on clinically confirmed diagnoses are needed to verify these findings.
1,947 citations
01 Jan 2011
TL;DR: The 2010 Census Redistricting data (Public Law 94-171) summary file as discussed by the authors provides data on Hispanic origin and race, including information on the population reporting more than one race as well as detailed race combinations (e.g., White and Asian; White and Black or African American and American Indian and Alaska Native).
Abstract: 1 The 2010 Census Redistricting Data (Public Law 94-171) Summary File provides data on Hispanic origin and race, including information on the population reporting more than one race as well as detailed race combinations (e.g., White and Asian; White and Black or African American and American Indian and Alaska Native). In this report, the multiple-race combination categories are denoted with the conjunction and in bold and italicized print to indicate the specific race groups that comprise the particular combination. This report discusses data for the 50 states and the District of Columbia but not Puerto Rico. The 2010 Census Redistricting Data (Public Law 94-171) Summary File does not contain data for detailed Hispanic origin groups (e.g., Mexican or Puerto Rican) or detailed information about race or tribes (e.g., Chinese, Samoan, or Choctaw). Therefore, these specific groups are not discussed in this report. Data on detailed Hispanic origin groups and detailed information about race and tribes will be released on a state-by-state basis as part of the 2010 Census Demographic Profile and the 2010 Census Summary File 1. Additional reports on the Hispanic or Latino population and selected race population groups will be released as part of the 2010 Census Briefs series. For a detailed schedule of 2010 Census products and release dates, visit . UNDERSTANDING RACE AND HISPANIC ORIGIN DATA FROM THE 2010 CENSUS
1,776 citations
TL;DR: This meta-analytic review of 148 studies on child and adolescent direct and indirect aggression examined the magnitude of gender differences, intercorrelations between forms, and associations with maladjustment.
Abstract: This meta-analytic review of 148 studies on child and adolescent direct and indirect aggression examined the magnitude of gender differences, intercorrelations between forms, and associations with maladjustment. Results confirmed prior findings of gender differences (favoring boys) in direct aggression and trivial gender differences in indirect aggression. Results also indicated a substantial intercorrelation (r = .76) between these forms. Despite this high intercorrelation, the 2 forms showed unique associations with maladjustment: Direct aggression is more strongly related to externalizing problems, poor peer relations, and low prosocial behavior, and indirect aggression is related to internalizing problems and higher prosocial behavior. Moderation of these effect sizes by method of assessment, age, gender, and several additional variables were systematically investigated.
1,681 citations
TL;DR: This paper provides a framework for developing sampling designs in mixed methods research and presents sampling schemes that have been associated with quantitative and qualitative research, and provides a sampling design typology.
Abstract: This paper provides a framework for developing sampling designs in mixed methods research. First, we present sampling schemes that have been associated with quantitative and qualitative research. Second, we discuss sample size considerations and provide sample size recommendations for each of the major research designs for quantitative and qualitative approaches. Third, we provide a sampling design typology and we demonstrate how sampling designs can be classified according to time orientation of the components and relationship of the qualitative and quantitative sample. Fourth, we present four major crises to mixed methods research and indicate how each crisis may be used to guide sampling design considerations. Finally, we emphasize how sampling design impacts the extent to which researchers can generalize their findings. Key Words: Sampling Schemes, Qualitative Research, Generalization, Parallel Sampling Designs, Pairwise Sampling Designs, Subgroup Sampling Designs, Nested Sampling Designs, and Multilevel Sampling Designs
1,508 citations